Aleksandr Vasil'evich Kolchak

A Russian admiral. Leader of the counter-revolutionary government during the civil war. After graduating from the Naval Academy, he served in the Russo-Japanese War and was a torpedo boat captain. In World War I, he mainly led mine operations. In the summer of 1916, he became commander-in-chief of the Black Sea Fleet, but after the February Revolution (1917), he resigned due to conflict with his sailors and was sent to the United States. After the October Revolution, he returned to the Far East and Siberia, where he worked with the support of Britain. On November 4, 1918, he became Minister of the Army and Navy of the Siberian government established in Omsk, but on the 18th of the same month, he established a military government in a coup d'état and called himself "Supreme Consul of the Russian State." In March 1919, he launched a major offensive aimed at Moscow, but was defeated by a counterattack from the Red Army and was shot to death in Irkutsk.

[Kazuo Fujimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ロシアの海軍大将。内戦期の反革命政府の指導者。海軍兵学校卒業後、日露戦争に従軍、水雷艇長。第一次世界大戦ではおもに機雷作戦を指導。1916年夏から黒海艦隊司令長官となったが、二月革命（1917）後は水兵と対立して辞職、アメリカへ派遣された。十月革命後、極東、シベリアに帰り、イギリスの支持の下に活動。18年11月4日、オムスクで成立したシベリア政府の陸海軍大臣になったが、同月18日クーデターで軍事政権を樹立、「ロシア国家最高執政官」と称した。19年3月にモスクワを目ざす大攻勢に出たが、赤軍の反撃にあって敗れ、イルクーツクで銃殺された。

［藤本和貴夫］

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