(1) The phenomenon in which an atomic nucleus absorbs an orbital electron into the nucleus. The most common case is when an electron in the K orbital closest to the nucleus is absorbed, which is called K electron capture. It was predicted by Hideki Yukawa and Shoichi Sakata in 1935. Electron capture often coexists with β + decay at a certain branching ratio, and the nucleus after electron capture is the same as the nucleus after β + decay, with a nucleus that has an atomic number one smaller than the original nucleus and the same mass number. Electron capture is broadly considered to be a type of β decay. Electron capture is accompanied by the emission of characteristic X-rays or Auger electrons (→ Auger effect). (2) Generally refers to the capture of electrons by atoms, molecules, etc. Electron capture in semiconductors has been studied in detail because it has a strong effect on the characteristics of devices. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) 原子核が原子の軌道電子を核内に吸収する現象。最も起りやすいのは核に最も近いK 軌道の電子を吸収する場合で,これをK 電子捕獲という。 1935年湯川秀樹と坂田昌一によって予言された。電子捕獲は β+ 崩壊とある分岐比で共存することが多く,電子捕獲後の原子核は β+ 崩壊後の核と同じで,もとの核より原子番号が1だけ小さく,質量数の同じ核が生成する。電子捕獲は広い意味でβ崩壊の1種とみなされている。電子捕獲に伴って特性X 線またはオージェ電子 (→オージェ効果 ) が放出される。 (2) 一般に原子,分子などに電子が捕獲されることをいう。半導体中における電子捕獲は,素子の特性に強い影響を及ぼすため詳しく研究されている。
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