A general term for the phenomenon in which electrons escape from an object. Free electrons in metals and semiconductors cannot normally escape, but can escape by applying energy. This is called electron emission, and the minimum energy required for this is called the work function. Depending on the type of energy applied, there are thermionic emission, photoelectron emission, field emission, and secondary electron emission due to electron or ion bombardment. These phenomena are used directly or indirectly in electronics, such as thermionic tubes, phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, and photoelectron spectroscopy. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
物体から電子が出ていく現象を総称する用語。金属や半導体の中の自由電子は普通は外に出られないが,エネルギーを与えると外部に離脱できる。これを電子放出といい,それに必要な最小エネルギーを仕事関数という。与えるエネルギーの種類により,それぞれ熱電子放出,光電子放出,電界放射,電子またはイオンの衝撃による二次電子放出などがある。これらの現象は熱電子管,光電管,光電子増倍管,光電子分光法など,直接的または間接的にエレクトロニクスにおいて利用されている。
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