Typical elements - Tenkeigenso (English spelling) typical elements

It refers to the elements in the second and third periods of the long periodic system, from Li-F to Na-Cl, excluding the rare gas elements. Elements other than transition elements are also commonly called typical elements. In the past, the Russian Mendeleev called the seven elements in the second period of the periodic table, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine, as representative elements of each group. In other words, he classified the subsequent elements in the periodic table (short period type) from group I to group VII. However, the elements in group VIII, which do not belong to any of these groups, were distinguished by being called transition elements, meaning that they are transitional elements that connect group VII to group I. Later, the meaning of transition elements was expanded to refer not only to group VIII but also to all elements in groups IIIA to VIIA of the periodic table, and all other elements came to be called typical elements. Furthermore, as the characteristics of each element were clarified, the meaning of typical changed and came to be defined as above.

[Nakahara Katsunori]

"Experimental Chemistry Lectures 24/Organic Synthesis 6: Heteroelement and Main Group Element Compounds," 4th edition, edited by the Chemical Society of Japan (1992, Maruzen)" ▽ "Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 1, by Ian S. Butler and John F. Harrod, translated by Ogino Hiroshi, Shimoi Mamoru, and Tobita Hiromi, supervised by Ogino Hiroshi (1992, Maruzen)" ▽ "Organometallic Chemistry Notes," by Ito Takashi (1999, Shokabo)" ▽ "Inorganic Chemistry," by Uchida Nozomi, Komatsu Takayuki, Kozuka Hiromitsu, Saito Hidetoshi, Ikuma Yasuo, and Benino Yasuhiko (2000, Asakura Shoten)" ▽ "Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry," by Ogura Kotaro, supervised by Shiokawa Jiro, Matsuda Harukazu, Matsuda Yoshiharu, and Taniguchi Hiroshi (2002, Maruzen)" ▽ "Miessler-Thar Inorganic Chemistry 1, by Gary L. Miessler and Donald A. Tarr, supervised by Wakihara Masataka Chemical Bonds and Reactions (2003, Maruzen) ▽ W. Henderson, translated by Katsuhiko Miyoshi, Chemistry of Typical Elements (2003, Kagaku Dojin) ▽ Hiroshi Ogino (ed.), Renji Okazaki, Koji Kaya, Hideki Sakurai, Tadamasa Shida, Ryoji Noyori (eds.), Iwanami Lectures: An Introduction to Modern Chemistry 11, Compounds of Typical Elements (2004, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

希ガス元素を除いて長周期型の第2、第3周期でLi―F、Na―Clまでの各元素をいう。俗に遷移元素以外の元素を典型元素とよぶこともある。古くロシアのメンデレーエフが周期表第2周期の元素のリチウム、ベリリウム、ホウ素、炭素、窒素、酸素、フッ素の7元素を、各族の代表的元素という意味でこのようによんだ。すなわち、周期表（短周期型）中のこれに続く各元素を第Ⅰ族から第Ⅶ族まで分類したわけである。しかし、これらのいずれの族にも属さない第Ⅷ族元素は、第Ⅶ族から次に回って第Ⅰ族を結ぶ過渡的な元素という意味で、遷移元素とよばれて区別された。その後、遷移元素の意味が拡張されて、第Ⅷ族のみではなく、周期表第ⅢA族～第ⅦA族に属する元素すべてをさすようになると、これに対応してそれ以外の元素をすべて典型元素とよぶようになった。さらに各元素の性格が明らかにされるとともに典型の意味が変わり、上記のように定義されることとなった。

［中原勝儼］

『日本化学会編『実験化学講座24／有機合成6　ヘテロ元素・典型元素化合物』第4版（1992・丸善）』▽『Ian S. Butler, John F. Harrod著、荻野博・下井守・飛田博実訳、荻野博監訳『無機化学』上巻（1992・丸善）』▽『伊藤卓著『有機金属化学ノーツ』（1999・裳華房）』▽『内田希・小松高行・幸塚広光・斎藤秀俊・伊熊泰郎・紅野安彦著『無機化学』（2000・朝倉書店）』▽『小倉興太郎著、塩川二朗・松田治和・松田好晴・谷口宏監修『無機化学概論』第2版（2002・丸善）』▽『Gary L. Miessler, Donald A. Tarr著、脇原将孝監訳『ミースラー・タール無機化学1　化学結合と反応』（2003・丸善）』▽『W. Henderson著、三吉克彦訳『典型元素の化学』（2003・化学同人）』▽『荻野博編著、岡崎廉治・茅幸二・桜井英樹・志田忠正・野依良治編『岩波講座　現代化学への入門11　典型元素の化合物』（2004・岩波書店）』

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