A nuclear reactor designed for efficient conversion of nuclear fuel. In nuclear reactors fueled by natural uranium or slightly enriched uranium, non-fissile uranium-238 absorbs neutrons and turns into plutonium-239 during the nuclear fission reaction in the reactor. This is called nuclear fuel conversion, and the amount of uranium-238 that is converted into plutonium-239 is called the conversion ratio. Conversion also involves converting thorium-232 into uranium-233. Currently, there are plutonium production reactors built for the purpose of obtaining plutonium-239 for military use, but a conventional power reactor built for the purpose of conversion is called a conversion reactor. Furthermore, breeding is the process of creating a conversion ratio greater than 1, that is, creating more new nuclear fuel than the nuclear fuel used, and a reactor designed for breeding is called a breeder reactor. In Japan, a heavy water-moderated advanced conversion reactor (ATR) is under development, and the prototype reactor Fugen (output 165,000 kW) was completed in Tsuruga in 1978. There were plans to build a follow-on demonstration reactor (with a capacity of 670,000 kW), but in 1995 the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan abandoned the idea, citing too high generating costs. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
核燃料の効率的な転換を目的とした原子炉。天然ウラン,微濃縮ウランを燃料とする原子炉では,炉内の核分裂反応の際,非核分裂性のウラン238が中性子を吸収しプルトニウム239に変化する。これを核燃料の転換といい,ウラン238からプルトニウム239に変化する量を転換比という。転換にはトリウム232をウラン233に転換するものもある。現在,軍事用にプルトニウム239を得る目的でつくられたプルトニウム生産炉はあるが,通常の発電炉で転換を目的としてつくられた炉が転換炉である。さらに,転換比を1より大,つまり使用した核燃料よりも多い新核燃料をつくるのが増殖で,増殖を目的とした炉を増殖炉という。日本では重水減速型の新型転換炉(ATR)を開発中で,1978年敦賀に原型炉〈ふげん〉(出力16.5万kW)が完成。続く実証炉(出力67万kW)の建設が計画されていたが,1995年,電気事業連合会は,発電コストが高すぎるとしてこれを断念した。
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