An instrument that measures the potential difference between two points in a circuit. It uses the electrostatic attraction and repulsion between charged conductors, and has the advantage of being able to measure without drawing operating current from the circuit. It is used in cases where a high voltage cannot be drawn from a current, such as frictional electricity or piezoelectricity in crystals, when measuring the electromotive force of a power source with high internal resistance, or when a current causes positive and negative polarization and makes it impossible to measure the correct electromotive force. A typical example is the quadrant electrometer, which uses a movable piece suspended by a wire between four metal disks, and can be used to measure minute currents and low power factors in addition to potential. However, it is cumbersome to use and requires skilled techniques, so since the beginning of the 21st century, digital multimeters have been widely used, which use electronic circuits to eliminate these hassles. [Toshiharu Takao] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
回路の2点間の電位差を測定する計器。帯電した導体間の静電引力や反発力を利用したもので、回路から動作電流をとらずに測ることができる特長をもつ。摩擦電気や結晶体の圧電気のように、高電圧ではあるが電流がとれないような場合や、内部抵抗が高い電源の起電力を測る場合、あるいは電流を流すとプラス・マイナスの分極作用を生じて正しい起電力が測れない場合などに用いられる。代表的なものは、金属製の4分割された円板間に針金でつり下げられた可動片によって測る象限電位計で、電位のほかに微小電流、低力率などの測定にも利用できる。しかし、取扱いがめんどうで熟練した技能を必要とするため、21世紀に入るころから電子回路を利用して、これらの煩わしさを除いたデジタルマルチメーターが広く使われてきている。 [高尾利治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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