Edwardian centralized castle - Edwardian centralized castle

...The fall of Château Gaillard (1209) was due to the isolation of the keep, and so a novel design emerged in which a huge cylindrical keep, 32 metres in diameter and 51 metres in height, was projected from the very front of the castle, as in the Château de Coucy (c. 1225-40). Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307) built many castles for his conquest of Wales from 1283 onwards, and these were called "Edwardian centralised castles", characterized by a double wall with a circular tower surrounding it concentrically. The most representative of these, Harlech Castle (c. 1285-90) and Beaumaris Castle (1295-1323), had a high inner wall surrounded by a low outer wall, and had a neat, symmetrical plan, but no keep. Instead, they had huge gates projecting from the inner wall, which could have been independent fortresses in their own right. This was the result of considering that castles were more likely to fall through plots or rebellions from within than through direct attack, and so the independence of castle gates and round towers was valued.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "Edwardian centralised castles" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…また，ガイヤール城の陥落(1209)が天守の孤立に起因したという経験から，クーシーCoucy城(1225‐40ころ)のように，直径32m，高さ51mという巨大な円筒形天守を城郭の最前面に突出させるという斬新な設計が現れた。　イングランド王エドワード1世(在位1272‐1307)は1283年以降，ウェールズ征服のため多数の城郭を建造したが，これらは〈エドワード式集中型城郭〉と呼ばれ，円塔をつけた二重の城壁で同心状に囲む特色をもち，そのなかでも代表的なハーレックHarlech城(1285ころ‐90)とボーマリスBeaumaris城(1295‐1323)では，高い内城壁を低い外城壁で囲み，整然とした対称形平面であるが，天守はなく，その代りに，それだけで独立した要塞となりうる巨大な城門を内城壁から突出して設けた。これは，城郭は直接的な攻撃によるよりも，謀略や内部からの謀反で陥落することが多いことに配慮し，城門や円塔の独立性を重んじた結果である。…

※「エドワード式集中型城郭」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報