Ernst Thälmann

Japanese: テールマン - てーるまん(英語表記)Ernst Thälmann
Ernst Thälmann

Leader of the German Communist Party. He was originally a transport worker, and belonged to the left wing of the Social Democratic Party since 1903, and distinguished himself in the Hamburg Transport Workers' Union. In 1917, he joined the Independent Social Democrats when they were founded, and in 1920, he joined the Communist Party when it merged with the Communist Party. In 1921, he became head of the Hamburg branch of the Communist Party, and led the Hamburg Uprising in October 1923. In 1924, he became a member of the Reichstag, and in 1925, he took command of the "Red Guards" (a Communist Party paramilitary organization that opposed right-wing armed groups). Since 1925, he has also been chairman of the Communist Party's Central Committee, and, with Stalin's trust, he expelled the far-left and reformists from the party. In particular, his following the "Social Fascism Theory" after 1928, his underestimation of Nazism, and his focus on attacking the Social Democratic Party are still debated today. He ran as a Communist candidate in the presidential elections of 1925 and 1932. Following the so-called Reichstag fire on February 27, 1933, the Hitler regime stepped up its crackdown on left-wing activists, and he was arrested at this time. He was held in solitary confinement for 11 and a half years without trial, and was killed in the Buchenwald concentration camp in August 1944.

[Teruo Yoshida]

"Ernst Thälmann" by Bredel, translated by Yoichi Takayama (1972, Tonoshoin)

[References] | Social Fascism | Stalinism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ共産党の指導者。運輸労働者出身で、1903年以来社会民主党左派に属し、ハンブルクの運輸労働組合で頭角を現す。1917年独立社会民主党の創立とともにこれに加わり、1920年同党と共産党との合同によって共産党に移った。1921年共産党ハンブルク支部長となり、1923年10月のハンブルク蜂起(ほうき)を指導した。1924年国会議員となり、1925年には「赤色戦士団」(右翼の武装団体に対抗する共産党の準軍事的組織)の指揮をとる。また1925年以来、共産党中央委員会議長となり、スターリンの信頼を得て、極左派、改良主義者を党から排除した。とくに1928年以後「社会ファシズム論」に追随し、ナチズムを過小評価して社会民主党に攻撃を集中した点については、今日も論議されている。1925年と1932年の大統領選挙には共産党から立候補した。1933年2月27日のいわゆる国会議事堂放火事件を契機に、ヒトラー政権は左翼の弾圧を強化するが、このとき逮捕され、以後11年半未決のまま独房に拘禁されたあげく、1944年8月ブーヘンワルト強制収容所で殺害された。

[吉田輝夫]

『ブレーデル著、高山洋吉訳『エルンスト・テールマン』(1972・刀江書院)』

[参照項目] | 社会ファシズム論 | スターリン主義

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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