The seventh caliph of the Abbasid dynasty (reigned 813-833). Born to the fifth caliph Harun al-Rashid and an Iranian slave girl, he grew up to be the governor of the eastern provinces and lived in Merv (Marwa). He was second in line to the caliphate after his half-brother Amin, but when Amin ascended to the throne in 809 and tried to make his son the successor, relations between the two became strained and a civil war broke out. In 813, Ma'mun besieged and captured the capital Baghdad, becoming caliph. He was a rationalist, and built Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom), promoted the translation of Greek academic documents, and adopted the Mu'tazilite theology influenced by Amin as the official doctrine, aiming to unify thought. [Kimi Morimoto] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アッバース朝第7代カリフ(在位813~833)。第5代カリフのハールーン・アッラシードを父とし、イラン系の女奴隷を母として生まれた。長じて東部諸州の総督となり、メルブ(マルワ)に住し、異母兄アミーンに次ぐ第2位のカリフ位継承権を有していたが、809年アミーンが即位し、自分の子をカリフ位継承者にしようとしたことから、両者間は険悪化して内乱となり、マームーンは813年、首都バグダードを包囲陥落させてカリフ位についた。彼は、合理主義思想の持ち主で、バイト・アルヒクマBayt al-Hikma(知恵の館(やかた))を建設して、ギリシア語学術文献の翻訳事業を推進するとともに、その影響を受けたムゥタジラ派神学を欽定(きんてい)教義として採用し、思想統一を図った。 [森本公誠] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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