Taylor series

Japanese: テーラー級数 - てーらーきゅうすう
Taylor series

When a function f(x) is infinitely differentiable in the vicinity of x = a, the following series is called a Taylor series of f(x) about x = a.


If the remainder term of the Taylor expansion of f(x) converges to 0, then the Taylor series converges to f(x), i.e., f(x) is expanded into a Taylor series. Although it is not always possible to expand an infinitely differentiable function into a Taylor series, many functions have a Taylor series expansion. In Table 1 , it is expanded into a series around x=0. When a function is expanded in this way, the series converges for the range |x|<r or for all x, even if x is a complex number. Therefore, a function defined for real values ​​of x can be extended to the range of complex numbers by the series on the right hand side ( Table 2 ). For a function f(x) of a complex variable, a function that can be expanded into a Taylor series in this way in the vicinity of x=a is said to be regular in this vicinity, and the field that studies such functions is function theory. Taylor series can also be discussed in the case of multiple variables.

[Osamu Takenouchi]

Taylor series expansion (Table 1)
©Shogakukan ">

Taylor series expansion (Table 1)

Taylor series expansion and Euler's formula (Table 2)
©Shogakukan ">

Taylor series expansion and Euler's formula (Table 2)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

関数f(x)がx=aの近傍で無限回微分可能であるとき、次の級数を、x=aの周りのf(x)のテーラー級数という。


 f(x)のテーラー展開の剰余項が0に収束するならば、そのテーラー級数はf(x)に収束し、つまりf(x)はテーラー級数に展開されることになる。無限回微分可能な関数がいつでもテーラー級数に展開できるとは限らないが、多くの関数がテーラー級数展開をもつ。表1ではx=0の周りの級数に展開した。関数がこのように展開されるときは、この級数は、xを複素数としても、|x|<rという範囲またはすべてのxについて収束する。したがって実数値xについて定義された関数を、その定義をこの右辺の級数によって複素数の範囲まで拡大することができる(表2)。複素変数の関数f(x)について、このように、あるx=aの近傍でテーラー級数に展開できる関数は、この近傍において正則であるといい、このような関数を研究する分野が関数論である。テーラー級数は、多変数の場合にも論ずることができる。

[竹之内脩]

テーラー級数展開〔表1〕
©Shogakukan">

テーラー級数展開〔表1〕

テーラー級数展開とオイラーの公式〔表2〕
©Shogakukan">

テーラー級数展開とオイラーの公式〔表2…


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