Léon Duguit

Japanese: デュギー - でゅぎー(英語表記)Léon Duguit
Léon Duguit

French legal philosopher and public law scholar. Born in Libourne near Bordeaux. After graduating from the University of Caen, he became a professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Bordeaux, where he taught constitutional law. Influenced by H. Spencer's theory of social organism and the sociology of A. Comte and E. Durkheim, Dugui proposed sociological positivism as a methodology for legal science. Recognizing that the individualistic legal system established by the French Revolution and the methodology of the commentary school could not cope with the diversification of social phenomena since the end of the 19th century with the development of capitalism, he constructed a new legal theory from the observation of the facts of social solidarity that permeates social phenomena. From the viewpoint that human actions have social and legal value only when they are in line with social solidarity (solidarity by similarity and solidarity by division of labor), he derived a code of conduct that states that nothing should be done that weakens social solidarity, and everything that strengthens it should be done, and called this the rule of law la règle de droit or objective law le droit objectif. Duguit considered these rules to be regulating both rulers and the ruled, and while he advocated the limitation of state power through them, he also developed the theory of the state's positive obligations (public services) and social rights to strengthen social solidarity. His major works include L'État; le droit objectif et la loi positive (The State/Objective Law, Positive Law) and Traité de droit constitutionnel (Outline of the Constitution) (5 volumes in total).

[Yasuji Hata]

[Reference] | Social Rights

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの法哲学者・公法学者。ボルドー近郊のリブルヌに生まれる。カーン大学を経てボルドー大学法学部教授となり、憲法学を担当。デュギーはH・スペンサーの社会有機体論、A・コントやE・デュルケームの社会学の影響を受け、社会学的実証主義を法科学の方法論として提起した。フランス革命によって確立された個人主義的法制度および注釈学派の方法論が、資本主義の発達に伴う19世紀末からの社会現象の多様化に対応しえない、との認識にたって、社会現象を貫いている社会連帯la solidarité socialeの事実の観察から新たな法理論を構築した。人間の行為は社会連帯(類似による連帯と分業による連帯)に合致する場合に社会的・法的価値を有するとの観点から、社会連帯を弱めるような何事もなすべきでなく、これを強化するようなあらゆることをなせ、という行為規範を導き出し、これを法の準則la règle de droitもしくは客観法le droit objectifとよんだ。デュギーは、この準則を統治者・被治者双方を規律するものと考え、これによる国家権力の制限を説くとともに、社会連帯強化のための国家の積極的義務(公共役務)および社会権の理論を展開した。主著に『国家/客観法・実定法』L'État ; le droit objectif et la loi positive、『憲法概説』Traité de droit constitutionnel(全5巻)などがある。

[畑 安次]

[参照項目] | 社会権

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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