Temae - Tea ceremony

Japanese: 点前 - てまえ
Temae - Tea ceremony

In the tea ceremony, this refers to the act of preparing tea and placing charcoal. In the past, it was written as temae, but nowadays the character temae is only used for "sumi temae," which is the act of placing charcoal, and the character temae is used for everything else. The word temae first appeared in the Chinese Song Dynasty tea book "Charoku," where it appears as "tencha." In addition to sumi temae, the basic ways of preparing tea are thin tea (usucha) and thick tea (koicha) temae. The procedures vary slightly and subtly depending on the style of tea ceremony, which is also what gives meaning to the survival of the styles. According to the Nanpo-roku, the first tea ceremony was held after Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori hosted a banquet for Emperor Gohanazono, and the favorite retainer Akamatsu Sadamura, wearing a suikan (a traditional Japanese traditional dress) and an orieboshi (a traditional Japanese hat), performed a tea ceremony on a daisu (table), which was decorated with three types of gokushin-kazari (traditional Japanese ornaments) and Chinese utensils bestowed by the Emperor. According to the extant Muromachi Palace Gyokou Gokazariki (Record of Visits to Emperor Muromachi Palace) (owned by the Tokugawa Art Museum), the event took place on October 21, 1437, when two tea ceremony rooms were set up and the tea ceremony was performed there. In "Amanomozu" (1420), it is written, "When you put a cup of tea in a tea cup, pour in half the amount of hot water, and whisk it with a tea whisk, it just goes smoothly and the water just sways," so it can be assumed that this was the way Sadamura prepared the tea. The tea ceremony that started with a daisu in this way was devised with the establishment of soan tea ceremony. In the "Kodensho" (copied in May 1604) recorded in the "Shukenchogenshu" by Jitsuyo, head priest of Kofukuji Temple, there are sections entitled "How to Stand the Irori (Irori)" and "How to Stand Thin Tea", which describe how to prepare thick and thin tea on a daisu (a brazier) and a ro. Later, as the wabi style of tea became more sophisticated, the tea ceremony became extremely small, and Sen no Rikyu established a carrying style of tea ceremony known as the "Ichi-jo-han-den", and the basics of tea ceremony were all in place. In the Edo period, the tea ceremony procedures diversified as the tea ceremony developed, and as the iemoto system was established, the tea ceremony we see today became established.

[Kouichi Tsutsui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

茶の湯において茶を点(た)てたり、炭を置く行為をいう。古くは手前と書いていたが、現在は、炭を置く行為である「炭手前」にのみ手前の字を使い、ほかはすべて点前の字をあてている。中国宋(そう)代の茶書『茶録』に「点茶」とあって、点前の語の初見となっている。炭手前のほか、茶の点前の仕方は、薄茶(うすちゃ)点前と濃茶(こいちゃ)点前が基本となっている。その手続については、茶道の流儀によって少しずつ微妙に異なっており、それが流儀存続の意義づけにもなっている。『南方録(なんぽうろく)』によると、茶の湯の点前が初めて行われたのは、将軍足利義教(あしかがよしのり)が後花園(ごはなぞの)天皇を招いて饗応(きょうおう)したあと、寵臣(ちょうしん)赤松貞村(あかまつさだむら)が水干(すいかん)・折烏帽子(おりえぼし)姿で披露した台子(だいす)点前が最初であったということになっている。それは、天皇拝領の唐物(からもの)道具を使った台子による3種極真荘(ごくしんかざり)の点前であった。現存する『室町殿行幸御餝記(おかざりき)』(徳川美術館蔵)によると、永享(えいきょう)9年(1437)10月21日のことであって、二か所に茶湯所がしつらえられており、そこで点前が披露されたことになる。『海人藻屑(あまのもくず)』(1420)に「建盞(けんさん)ニ茶一服入テ、湯ヲ半計(なかばばかり)入テ、茶筅(ちゃせん)ニテタツル時、タダフサト湯ノキコユル様ニタツルナリ」とあるので、貞村の点前とはこうした点て方であったと考えることができる。このように台子から始まった茶の点前は、草庵(そうあん)茶の成立とともに炉(ろ)の点前が考案されていった。興福寺別当光明院の実堯(じつきょう)による『習見聴諺集(しゅうけんちょうげんしゅう)』に記載された「古伝書」(1604、05写)には、「いるり(囲炉裏(いろり))の立様之事」「薄茶之立様之事」があって、台子を使った風炉(ふろ)と炉の濃茶と薄茶の両様の点前が記述されている。その後、わび茶の大成するにつれて茶席の極小化が行われ、千利休(せんのりきゅう)による「一畳半の伝」といわれるような運び点前が成立し、点前の基本がすべて整ったのである。江戸時代になると、茶道の展開とともに点前手続も多様化していき、家元制度が確立するにつれて、現在みるような点前が定着したのであった。

[筒井紘一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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