Daniel, Samuel

Japanese: ダニエル(英語表記)Daniel, Samuel
Daniel, Samuel
Born 1562, near Taunton, Somerset
[died] October 14, 1619. Beckington, Wiltshire. English poet and dramatist. After graduating from Oxford University, he became a tutor to W. Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, for a time, and joined the literary circle of Mary, the Earl's mother. He dedicated his sonnets, Delia (1592), to her, and was praised by E. Spencer. He also wrote the Seneca-style tragedy Cleopatra (1594), the long epic poem The Civil Wars Between Two Houses of Lancaster and York (1595-1609), and the dialogue Musophilus (1599), which defended the English rhyme system, refuting T. Campion, who advocated classical rhyme, in Defence of Ryme (1603). Other works include the tragedy Philotas (05), court masques, and pastoral dramas.

Daniel
Daniell, John Frederic

Born: March 12, 1790, London
[Died] March 13, 1845. London. British chemist and meteorologist. Though he received no formal schooling, his talent was recognized early on, and in 1813, at the age of 23, he was made a member of the Royal Society. In 1831, he became a professor of chemistry at the newly established King's College, London. In 1820, he invented the dew point meter, and in 1832, the pyrometer. Influenced by his friend M. Faraday, he became interested in electrochemistry, and in 1836, he improved the voltaic cell, completing the Daniell cell, which could supply a constant current of electric strength for a long period of time. For these achievements, he was awarded the Rumford Medal in 1832 and the Copley Medal in 1837.

Daniel
Daniel, Yuly; Daniel, Yulii Markovich

Born: November 15, 1925, Moscow
[Died] December 30, 1988, Moscow Soviet writer and translator. He published satirical essays on the current system abroad under the pen name Nikolai Alzhak. In 1965, he was arrested along with A. Sinyavsky, and in 1966, he was tried and sentenced to five years of forced labor. This incident caused a great deal of protest both inside and outside the country. His major works include the novels Govorit Moskva (1966) and Correspondence from the Socialist Camp (71).

Daniel
Daniel, Gabriel

Born: February 8, 1649, Rouen
[Died] June 23, 1728. A French historian from Paris. A Jesuit priest. He criticized Descartes and Pascal. Known for his precise research, he wrote Histoire de France depuis l'établissement de la monarchie française (1713) and Histoire de la milice française (21) among others.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1562. サマセット,トーントン近郊
[没]1619.10.14. ウィルトシャー,ベッキントン
イギリスの詩人,劇作家。オックスフォード大学卒業後,一時ペンブルック伯 W.ハーバートの家庭教師となり,その母メアリーの文学サークルに加わった。彼女に捧げたソネット集『デリア』 Delia (1592) は E.スペンサーに称賛された。またセネカ風の悲劇『クレオパトラ』 Cleopatra (94) ,バラ戦争を扱った長編叙事詩『ランカスター家とヨーク家によって起された内乱』 The Civil Wars Between Two Houses of Lancaster and York (95~1609) ,学問擁護の対話詩『ムソフィラス』 Musophilus (1599) を書き,『韻の弁護』 Defence of Ryme (1603) では英語固有の押韻を擁護して,古典語の韻律を唱道した T.キャンピオンに反論した。ほかに,悲劇『フィロタス』 Philotas (05) や宮廷用の仮面劇,牧歌劇がある。

ダニエル
Daniell, John Frederic

[生]1790.3.12. ロンドン
[没]1845.3.13. ロンドン
イギリスの化学者,気象学者。正規の学校教育は受けなかったが,早くから才能を認められ,1813年に 23歳でロイヤル・ソサエティ会員となった。 31年より,新設のロンドンのキングズ・カレッジ化学教授。 20年には露点計を,32年には高温計を考案した。友人 M.ファラデーの影響で電気化学に興味をもち,36年ボルタ電池を改良して,長時間にわたって一定の強さの電流を供給できるダニエル電池を完成した。これらの功績により,32年ランフォード・メダル,37年コプリー・メダルを受章した。

ダニエル
Daniel, Yuly; Daniel, Yulii Markovich

[生]1925.11.15. モスクワ
[没]1988.12.30. モスクワ
ソ連の作家,翻訳家。現体制を風刺する評論を,Nikolai Alzhakの筆名を用いて国外で発表。 1965年 A.シニャフスキーとともに逮捕され,66年裁判にかけられ5年の強制労働を宣告されたが,この事件に対し国の内外から盛んな抗議行動が起った。主著は小説『こちらはモスクワです』 Govorit Moskva (1966) ,『社会主義陣営からの通信』 (71) 。

ダニエル
Daniel, Gabriel

[生]1649.2.8. ルーアン
[没]1728.6.23. パリ
フランスの歴史家。イエズス会士。デカルトやパスカルを論難。精密な考証で知られ,『フランス王国史』 Histoire de France depuis l'établissement de la monarchie française (1713) ,『フランス軍隊史』 Histoire de la milice française (21) その他の著書がある。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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