A general term for three elements in the first transition series of groups 8, 9, and 10 of the periodic table: iron, cobalt, and nickel. They are widely and abundantly present in the earth's crust, but cobalt is present in relatively small amounts. The earth's interior is thought to be an iron alloy containing a considerable amount of nickel. Meteoritic iron is a similar iron alloy. All are silvery-white metals. They have fairly high melting points. Their most notable characteristic is that they are ferromagnetic substances, with iron being a typical example. All have similar chemical properties, and are quite reactive, reacting with acids to generate hydrogen and divalent salts. The oxidation numbers are usually II and III, but iron has oxidation numbers up to VI, cobalt up to V, and nickel up to IV. All form stable complex compounds, which are often colored. [Nakahara Katsunori] [Reference] | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
周期表中第8、9、10族のうち第一遷移系列に属する鉄、コバルト、ニッケルの3元素の総称。地殻中には広くまた多量に存在するが、コバルトは存在量が比較的少ない。地球内部は相当量のニッケルを含む鉄合金であると考えられている。隕鉄(いんてつ)も同じような鉄合金である。いずれも銀白色の金属。融点はかなり高い。もっとも著しい特徴は強磁性物質であるということで、とくに鉄は代表的な強磁性物質である。いずれも化学的性質は似ており、かなり反応性に富み、酸と反応して水素を発生し2価の塩を生ずる。酸化数はⅡおよびⅢが普通であるが、そのほか鉄ではⅥまで、コバルトではⅤまで、ニッケルではⅣまでが知られている。またいずれも安定な錯化合物をつくり、それらは有色であることが多い。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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