Intelsat, Ltd.

Japanese: インテルサット - いんてるさっと(英語表記)Intelsat, Ltd.
Intelsat, Ltd.

A private telecommunications company that provides satellite communications services using a communications satellite system that covers the entire world. It also refers to the satellite communications system used in this service and the geostationary satellites that provide the satellite communications lines. Its predecessor was the non-profit international organization INTELSAT (formerly the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization), but in July 2001, its business division was separated and reorganized as a private company.

The predecessor of INTELSAT was a provisional system that was launched in 1964 with the goal of completing a communications satellite system that would cover the entire world, and the United States called for cooperation from countries around the world. In 1965, 11 countries, including the United States, Japan, Australia, and European countries, participated. In 1965, they successfully conducted commercial communications satellite experiments with the Early Bird (Type 1 satellite), and in 1968 they launched Type 2 satellites (1966-1967), and in 1968 they launched Type 3 satellites, completing the global satellite system. In 1971, Type 4 satellites were launched, and by 1973, 48 countries were using INTELSAT satellites. To make INTELSAT a permanent organization, after several preparatory committees and general meetings, the "Agreement Concerning the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)" came into effect in 1973, making it a permanent organization.

In response to changes in the environment surrounding commercial satellite communications services, such as the operation of communications satellite systems by private companies, rapid technological innovation, and intensifying competition, a subsidiary, New Skies Satellites, was established in November 1998 to provide services centered on video, and assets including five currently in operation satellites and one satellite under construction were transferred to the subsidiary. INTELSAT itself began to handle basic services such as voice and data communications. In November 2000, it was decided to transfer the business division to a private company, and in July 2001, Intelsat, Ltd. was launched as a private company, and the communications satellite system including orbital positions and the "Intelsat" brand were transferred to the operating company. In 2006, Intelsat acquired PanAmSat Holding Corporation, a private satellite communications operator that provides direct broadcast satellite (DTH) services and corporate communications services in North and Latin America, becoming the world's largest satellite communications operator with over 50 communications satellites in its possession and operation.

[Yoichi Takahashi]

[Reference] | International Telecommunications Satellite Organization

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

全世界をカバーする通信衛星システムを使用した衛星通信サービスを提供する民間の通信事業者。また、このサービスに用いられる衛星通信システム、および衛星通信回線を提供する静止衛星のことをもさす。前身は非営利の国際機関INTELSAT(インテルサット)(International Telecommunications Satellite Organization=旧、国際電気通信衛星機構)であるが、2001年7月に事業部門が分離され、民間会社として再編成された。

 前身のINTELSATは、全世界をカバーする通信衛星システムの完成を目標として、アメリカが世界各国に協力を呼びかけ、1964年に、アメリカ、日本、オーストラリア、ヨーロッパ諸国など11か国が参加し、暫定的制度として国際協力体制を発足させた。1965年にはアーリーバード(1型衛星)による通信衛星の商用実験に成功し、2型衛星を経て(1966~1967年)、1968年には3型衛星の打上げに入り、グローバル衛星システムを完成した。1971年から4型衛星が打ち上げられ、1973年には48か国がインテルサット衛星を利用するようになった。INTELSATの恒久化については、数回にわたる準備委員会、全体会議ののち、1973年に「国際電気通信衛星機構(INTELSAT)に関する協定」が発効し恒久的な組織となった。

 その後、民間企業による通信衛星システムの運用や急速な技術革新、競争激化など、商業衛星通信サービスを取り巻く環境が変化したことを考慮し、1998年11月に映像を中心としたサービスを提供する子会社ニュー・スカイズ・サテライツ社が設立され、現用衛星5機と建造中衛星1機を含む資産を子会社に移管。INTELSAT本体は音声・データ通信などの基本サービスを取り扱うことになった。さらに2000年11月には事業部門を民間会社に移管することが決定され、2001年7月、民間会社としてのインテルサットIntelsat, Ltd.が発足、軌道位置を含む通信衛星システムや「インテルサット」のブランドが事業会社に移管された。また、2006年、北米や中南米で直接放送衛星(DTH)サービスや企業向け通信サービス等を提供する民間の衛星通信事業者パンナムサット社PanAmSat Holding Corporationを買収し、50機以上の通信衛星を保有、運用する世界最大の衛星通信事業者となった。

[高橋陽一]

[参照項目] | 国際電気通信衛星機構

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