Death mask - Desumasuku (English spelling)

Japanese: デスマスク - ですますく(英語表記)death mask
Death mask - Desumasuku (English spelling)

A mask made by directly casting the face of a deceased person. Death mask. A mask made from the face of a living person is called a life mask. As far back as the 6th and 7th centuries BC in Etruria, faces were cast in wax to worship the dead, and used as the prototype for portrait sculptures. Today, plaster is generally used. Immediately after death, the face is cleansed, the hair is styled, and an oily product such as cream or pomade is applied as a release agent, a mound is built along the ridge of the jaw, and plaster is applied to the front of the face with a brush to create a mold. Plaster is poured into this female mold, and the outer mold is broken. Well-known death masks include those of Beethoven and, for Japanese artists, Natsume Soseki.

Incidentally, the process of making a mold of the body is called body casting, and has been practiced frequently in the West since ancient times. Rodin's "The Age of Bronze" was suspected of being a form of casting, which caused controversy, but in modern times, some artists, such as Yves Klein and Segal, use the technique.

[Mitamura Shunsuke]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

死者の顔からじかに型取りしてつくった面型。死面(しめん)。生きている人の顔を型取ったものは、ライフマスクlife maskという。古くは、紀元前6、7世紀のエトルリアで、死者崇拝のために蝋(ろう)で顔面を型取り、肖像彫刻の原型とした。今日では一般に、石膏(せっこう)を用いる。すなわち、死の直後、顔面を清め、頭髪などを整え、クリームやポマードなどの油性のものを離型剤として塗布し、顎(あご)の稜線(りょうせん)に沿って土手を築き、前顔面に筆を用いて石膏を塗り型取る。この雌型に石膏を流し込んで、外型を割る。代表的なデスマスクとしては、ベートーベン、日本人では夏目漱石(そうせき)などが知られる。

 なお、身体を型取りしたものをボディーキャスティングbody castingといい、西欧では古来しばしば行われてきた。ロダンの『青銅時代』はそれと疑われて物議を醸したが、現代では、イブ・クラインやシーガルなど、これを手段とする作家もいる。

[三田村畯右]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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