Leucaena leucaena - Leucaena leucaena

Japanese: ギンネム - ぎんねむ
Leucaena leucaena - Leucaena leucaena

A deciduous tree of the legume family (APG classification: Fabaceae). It rarely reaches a height of 10 meters, but most reach a height of 2 to 3 meters. It is also called Gingoukan. The leaves are bipinnate, 15 to 25 cm long, with 8 to 16 pinnae arranged opposite each other, and there are 20 to 30 leaflets, oblong-lanceolate, 0.7 to 1.2 cm long, with green-white undersides. In the tropics, the flowers bloom almost all year round, in a spherical, 2 to 5 cm diameter head inflorescence with densely packed fragrant white flowers. The petals are spatula-shaped, one-third the length of the stamens, and are small, with many conspicuous stamens. The fruit is a flat pod 12 to 18 cm long that ripens to a brown color. Native to tropical America, it is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and some have become naturalized in Okinawa and the Ogasawara Islands. It is planted in erosion control forests and as fertilizer for poor soil. It is also used as charcoal and fuel.

[Yoshio Kobayashi October 18, 2019]

Cultural history

It forms colonies in Okinawa and the Ogasawara Islands, but is a naturalized plant that was first introduced from Sri Lanka to Okinawa's Kunigami Agricultural College in 1910 (Meiji 43) as a green manure plant. It is said that it was introduced to the Yaeyama Islands in 1932 (Showa 7) by the first principal of the Yaeyama Agricultural and Forestry College for the purpose of using it as firewood, and it spread to the Ogasawara Islands during the war when it was planted to hide hastily constructed military facilities. In Micronesia and other places, the U.S. military scattered seeds from the air to reforest land devastated by World War II.

[Hiroshi Yuasa October 18, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マメ科(APG分類:マメ科)の落葉小高木。高さ10メートルに達するものもまれにあるが、2~3メートルのものが多い。ギンゴウカンともいう。葉は2回羽状複葉で長さ15~25センチメートル、8~16の小羽片が対生し、小葉は20~30枚あり、長楕円(ちょうだえん)状披針(ひしん)形、長さ0.7~1.2センチメートルで裏面は緑白色。花は熱帯ではほとんど年中開き、球形、径2~5センチメートルの頭状花序になって香りのある白花が密生する。花弁はへら形で雄しべの3分の1の長さで小さく、多数の雄しべが目だつ。果実は長さ12~18センチメートルの扁平(へんぺい)な莢(さや)で、褐色に熟す。熱帯アメリカ原産で熱帯、亜熱帯地方に広く分布し、沖縄や小笠原(おがさわら)諸島には野生化したものがある。砂防林に植え、やせ地に肥料木として植える。また、木炭や燃料にもする。

[小林義雄 2019年10月18日]

文化史

沖縄や小笠原諸島で群落をつくるが、帰化植物で、スリランカから1910年(明治43)に緑肥植物として、沖縄の国頭(くにがみ)農学校に導入されたのが最初である。八重山(やえやま)列島には、1932年(昭和7)に八重山農林学校の初代校長が、燃料用の薪(たきぎ)材にする目的で導入したと伝えられ、小笠原諸島では、戦時中に急造の軍事施設を隠すのに植樹したことから広がった。ミクロネシアなどでは、アメリカ軍が第二次世界大戦による荒廃地を緑化するため、空中から種子を散布した。

[湯浅浩史 2019年10月18日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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