Codex Theodosianus (Latin)

Japanese: テオドシウス法典 - ておどしうすほうてん(英語表記)Codex Theodosianus ラテン語
Codex Theodosianus (Latin)

A code of Roman constitutions. Theodosius II ordered a committee headed by the high official Antiochus to compile it, and it was completed in 438 and distributed throughout the empire (both eastern and western). It contains the laws issued after 312. It is divided into 16 books according to theme, and each book is further divided into chapters, which arrange the laws in chronological order and often include short commentaries on the laws. For example, Volume 1 has 34 chapters dealing with the state system and high-ranking officials, Volume 2 has 33 chapters on court matters, Volume 3 has 32 chapters on family law, Volume 4 has 24 chapters on property matters, Volume 5 has 20 chapters on land law, Volume 10 has 26 chapters on finances, Volume 11 has 39 chapters on taxes, Volume 12 has 19 chapters on city canons (decliones), Volume 16 has 11 chapters on church and religion, etc. Prior to this, there were collections of imperial laws such as Codex Gregorianus and Codex Hermogenianus from the end of the 3rd century, but these were privately compiled, and this is significant as the first officially compiled collection of imperial laws, and is also a valuable historical document.

[Yuge Tatsuya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ローマ皇帝の発した勅法constitutionesを集めた法典の一つ。テオドシウス2世は、高官のアンティオクスを長とする委員会にその編纂(へんさん)を命じて、438年に完成し、帝国全土(東と西双方)に発布した。312年以後の勅法を収める。テーマに従って16巻に分けられ、各巻がさらに章別され、各章は勅法を年代順に並べ、しばしば勅法に短い解説をつける。たとえば、第1巻は国制、高級官職を扱い34章、第2巻は裁判関係で33章、第3巻は家族法で32章、第4巻は財産関係で24章、第5巻は土地法関係で20章、第10巻は財政で26章、第11巻は租税で39章、第12巻は都市参事会員(デクリオネス)関係で19章、第16巻は教会と宗教関係で11章、などである。これ以前、3世紀末にコーデックス・グレゴリアヌスやコーデックス・ヘルモゲニアヌスなどの勅法集があったが、それらは私撰(しせん)で、初めての官撰勅法集としての意義は大きく、歴史の史料としても貴重である。

[弓削 達]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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