Hausdorff, Felix

Japanese: ハウスドルフ（英語表記）Hausdorff， Felix

Born November 8, 1868 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland)
[Died] January 26, 1942. German mathematician in Bonn. Born to a Jewish merchant family. After completing his secondary education in Leipzig, he studied mathematics and astronomy at the universities of Leipzig, Freiburg, and Berlin. He received his doctorate in 1891 at Leipzig, and became a private lecturer at the university (1896) and an assistant professor (1902). He was an assistant professor at the University of Bonn (10), a professor at the University of Greifswald (13), and a professor at the University of Bonn (21). He was interested in natural sciences, philosophy, and literature in addition to mathematics, and wrote books and papers on astronomy, optics, philosophy, and literature. From around 1902, he gradually concentrated on the study of set theory. In 1914, he published "Foundations of the Theory of Sets." This book introduced the separation axiom and formulated topological spaces in terms of "neighborhoods," and for a long time it was considered the standard text on set theory and topological space theory. It was in this book that he was the first to use the term "topological space." After the Nazis came to power, he was expelled from public office in 1935, and although he was able to temporarily avoid being sent to a concentration camp in 1941, he once again found himself at risk of being sent to a concentration camp, so in the following year, 1942, he committed suicide along with his wife and his wife's sister.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1868.11.8. ブレスラウ(現ポーランド，ウロツワフ)
[没]1942.1.26. ボン
ドイツの数学者。ユダヤ人の商人の家に生れる。ライプチヒで中等教育を終えたあと，ライプチヒ，フライブルク，ベルリンの各大学で数学，天文学を学ぶ。 1891年，ライプチヒ大学で学位を取り，ライプチヒ大学私講師 (1896) ，同助教授 (1902) 。ボン大学助教授 (10) 。グライフスワルド大学教授 (13) 。ボン大学教授 (21) 。数学以外の自然科学，哲学，文学にも関心をもっており，天文学，光学，哲学，文学の本や論文を書く。 1902年頃から次第に集合論の研究に集中。 14年『集合論の基礎』を出版。この本は分離公理を導入し，「近傍」によって位相空間を定式化したもので，長い間，集合論，位相空間論の標準的テキストとされていた。このなかで，「位相空間」という言葉を初めて使った。ナチスが政権をとるに及んで，35年公職を追放され，41年には一時的に免れることのできた収容所送りが，再度切迫した翌 42年，妻，妻の妹とともに自殺した。

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