Kaneyoshi Ichijo

Japanese: 一条兼良 - いちじょう・かねよし

Year of death: April 2, 1481 (April 30, 1481)
Year of birth: May 7, 1402 (June 7, 1402)
A nobleman and scholar of the Muromachi period. He was also called "Kanera." His Buddhist name was Kakue. He went on to call himself Joonji Temple and was called Ichijo Zenko. His father was Ichijo Tsunetsugu and his mother was the daughter of Tobojo Hidenaga. He came of age in 1412 and was conferred a rank, the following year he was made a Junior Third Rank, in 1421 he was made a Senior Third Rank and a Provincial Chunagon, and in 1423 he became a Provincial Dainagon and succeeded to the family headship. In 1428 he became the Minister of the Interior, in 1436 he became the Minister of the Right, in 1439 he became a Junior First Rank, in 1440 he became the Minister of the Left, and in August 1429 he became Regent and Head of the Family, but in October of the same year he was forced to resign as Regent because Ashikaga Yoshinori, the Shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate, favored Nijo Mochimoto. When Ashikaga Yoshimasa became Shogun in 1444, he became Grand Minister of State in 1445 and the following year he became Kanpaku and Head of the Family. He resigned from his position as Grand Minister of State in 1450 and as Kanpaku in 1453, was appointed Junsangu in the same year, and resigned again in 1458. He became Kanpaku again in 1467, but due to the outbreak of the Onin War, he fled to Nara in 1469 to stay with Jinson (Kanera's fifth son), the head priest of Daijo-in Temple at Kofuku-ji Temple. He resigned from his position as Kanpaku in 1470 and traveled to Mino (Gifu Prefecture) in 1471, and shortly after returning to Nara he became a monk at Daijo-in Temple. He returned to Kyoto in 1472, and in 1473 he traveled to Asakura Takakage in Echizen (Fukui Prefecture) to demand the return of his family estate, the Ashiwa Gochushi, but his request was not granted. He returned to Kyoto after receiving a donation of 200 kanmon, and died of illness in 1474, and was buried at Tofuku-ji Temple. Kaneyoshi was said to be a gifted man for the first time in 500 years, and was a leading figure in classical and court studies. In the field of court studies, he wrote works such as "Kujigengen," "Kokeshidaisho," "Daisiwasho," "Yegenmondo," and "Nihanmondo," and wrote "Momohanashibiyo" for his son Fuyuyoshi. In the field of classics, he lectured on works such as "The Tale of Genji" to the Emperor and the Shogun family, and wrote "Nihonshoki Sansho" and "Kachou Yojo." He also wrote introductory books on waka studies such as "Karin Ryozaishu" and "Renju Gobyakushu," didactic books such as "Sayanezame" for Hino Tomiko, and "Bunmei Ittouki" and "Shodanjiyo" for Shogun Ashikaga Yoshihisa, "Fujikawa no Ki," a travelogue from his time in Mino, "Momohana Rojin Sarugaku Goshoki," which he gave to Konparu Zenchiku, and works related to Buddhism such as "Kanshu Nembutsu-ki" and "Tatsumine Engi." Kaneyoshi's extensive knowledge and numerous books contributed greatly to the enlightenment of the people of his time and to academic research.

(Masako Ito)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：文明13.4.2(1481.4.30)
生年：応永9.5.7(1402.6.7)
室町時代の公卿,学者。「かねら」ともいう。法名は覚恵。後成恩寺と号し,一条禅閤と称した。父は一条経嗣,母は東坊城秀長の娘。応永19(1412)年に元服して叙爵,翌年従三位,同21年に正三位・権中納言となり,同23年に権大納言となって家督を継ぐ。同28年に内大臣,同31年に右大臣,同32年従一位,永享1(1429)年に左大臣,永享4年8月に摂政・氏長者となるが,室町幕府将軍足利義教が二条持基を重用したことから,同年10月に摂政を辞任させられる。文安1(1444)年に足利義政が将軍になると,同3年に太政大臣,翌年には関白・氏長者となる。宝徳2(1450)年に太政大臣を,享徳2(1453)年に関白を辞任,同年准三宮に叙せられ,長禄2(1458)年に辞した。応仁1(1467)年に再び関白となったが,応仁の乱の勃発により同2年に奈良興福寺大乗院門跡尋尊(兼良の5男)のもとに疎開した。文明2(1470)年に関白を辞して,同5年に美濃(岐阜県)に下向し,奈良に戻ってまもなく大乗院で出家した。同9年に帰京し,同11年には越前(福井県)の朝倉孝景のもとに下向して家領足羽御厨の返付を要求したが聞き入れられず,200貫文の寄進を得て帰京,同13年に病没し,東福寺に葬られた。兼良は当時,500年以来の才人といわれ,古典学・有職学の第一人者であった。有職故実では『公事根源』『江家次第抄』『代始和抄』『世諺問答』『二判問答』などの書があり,息子冬良のために『桃華蘂葉』を著している。古典では,『源氏物語』などを天皇,将軍家に進講し,『日本書紀纂疏』『花鳥余情』などを著した。また,『歌林良材集』『連珠合璧集』などの歌学入門書,日野富子のための『小夜寝覚』や将軍足利義尚のための『文明一統記』『樵談治要』などの教訓書,美濃下向時の紀行文『藤河の記』,金春禅竹に与えた『桃華老人申楽後証記』,仏教関係の『勧修念仏記』『多武峰縁起』などの書がある。兼良の博識な学問と多数の著書は,当時の人々の啓蒙と学問研究に多大な功績を残した。<参考文献>永島福太郎『一条兼良』

(伊東正子)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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