Bruno Walter

Japanese: ワルター - わるたー(英語表記)Bruno Walter
Bruno Walter

German-born American conductor, also well-known as a pianist. One of the leading masters of the first half of the 20th century. Born in Berlin on September 15th. After studying at the conservatory in his hometown, he began conducting, starting out in Cologne, then working at opera houses in Hamburg, Breslau (now Wroclaw), and Pressburg (now Bratislava), before becoming conductor at the Berlin Court Opera in 1900. Recognized by Mahler, he served under him as assistant conductor at the Vienna Court Opera from 2001 to 2012. During this time he learned a lot from Mahler, including music, which later became the foundation for him to become a household name in Mahler interpretations. From 2013 to 22 he made his American debut, in 1923 he was conductor at the Charlottenburg Munich Opera from 1925 to 1929, and conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra from 1929 to 1933. When the Nazis came to power, he left Germany and moved to Vienna, where he was based at the Vienna State Opera and the Vienna Philharmonic from 1935 to 1938. When the Nazis annexed Austria in 1938, he fled to France, and then moved to the United States in 1939. After performing with the NBC Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, and the Metropolitan Opera, he retired from performing in 1956 at the age of 80. He then devoted himself to conducting and recording with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra, which was organized for him, and died on February 17, 1962 in Beverly Hills, California. His performances, which were filled with grace and rich emotion, were characterized by a warm humanity that reflected the fine traditions of 19th century German music. This was especially evident in his work on Mahler and Mozart. His books include "Gustav Mahler" (1937) and "Theme and Variations" (1946).

[Hiroyuki Iwai]

"Mahler: The Man and the Art" translated by Takeo Murata (1960, Ongaku No Tomosha)""Theme and Variations - Memoirs of Bruno Walter" translated by Keiichi Uchigaki, Ken Watanabe, et al. (1965, Hakusuisha)""The Letters of Bruno Walter" edited by L.W. Lint, translated by Nobuyo Tsuchida (1976, Hakusuisha)""Bruno Walter - The Progress of Performances on Records" revised edition by Noriyoshi Uno (1979, Ongaku No Tomosha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ出身のアメリカの指揮者で、ピアノ奏者としても著名。20世紀前半を代表する大家の1人。9月15日ベルリンに生まれる。生地の音楽院で学んだのち指揮活動に入り、ケルンを振り出しにハンブルク、ブレスラウ(現ブロツワフ)、プレスブルク(現ブラチスラバ)の歌劇場を経て、1900年ベルリン宮廷歌劇場指揮者となる。マーラーに認められ、その下で01~12年ウィーン宮廷歌劇場副指揮者を務める。この間マーラーから音楽をはじめ多くのことを学び取ったが、それが後年マーラー解釈で一家をなす下地となった。13~22年ミュンヘン歌劇場音楽監督、23年アメリカデビュー、25~29年ベルリンのシャルロッテンブルク市立歌劇場指揮者、29~33年ライプツィヒ・ゲバントハウス管弦楽団指揮者。ナチスの政権掌握によりドイツを去ってウィーンに移り、35~38年ウィーン国立歌劇場ならびにウィーン・フィルハーモニーを本拠に活動した。38年ナチスがオーストリアを併合するやフランスに逃れ、さらに39年アメリカに移住。NBC交響楽団、ニューヨーク・フィルハーモニー、メトロポリタン歌劇場などで活躍ののち、80歳になった56年に演奏活動から引退。その後は彼のために編成されたコロンビア交響楽団を指揮、録音に専念し、62年2月17日カリフォルニア州のビバリー・ヒルズで没した。優雅で豊かな情緒をたたえたその演奏は、19世紀のドイツ音楽のよき伝統を反映したものというべく、温かい人間性を感じさせるのが特色。とりわけマーラーとモーツァルトに、その特色が発揮された。著書に『グスタフ・マーラー』(1937)、『主題と変奏』(1946)などがある。

[岩井宏之]

『村田武雄訳『マーラー 人と芸術』(1960・音楽之友社)』『内垣啓一・渡辺健他訳『主題と変奏――ブルーノ・ワルター回想録』(1965・白水社)』『L・W・リント編、土田修代訳『ブルーノ・ワルターの手紙』(1976・白水社)』『宇野功芳著『ブルーノ・ワルター――レコードによる演奏の歩み』改訂版(1979・音楽之友社)』

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