An important disease of pears, apples, and tobacco. Red spot of pears and apples is caused by the infection of Gymnosporangium , a rust fungus. From April to July, small orange-yellow spots appear on pear and apple leaves, which gradually expand to yellowish-brown spots. The undersides of the leaves become slightly bumpy and have many hair-like protrusions. These are the pathogen's rust organelles, from which many rust spores are released. From July onwards, the rust spores reach the intermediate host, junipers, where they germinate and parasitize over the winter. If the disease occurs frequently, the leaves fall early, causing great damage. This disease alternates between pears or apples and junipers (heteroparasitism), so it is particularly prevalent in pear orchards near residential areas where junipers are often grown as garden trees. The most effective method of control is to remove any junipers near the orchard. The pear fungus and the apple fungus have different parasitic properties, with the pear fungus parasitizing pears as well as quince, Japanese quince, and Chinese quince, while the apple fungus parasitizing apples as well as Japanese quince and bead tree. Tobacco red spot is caused by a fungus called Alternaria alternata , which is completely different from the above fungi, and causes brown, ring-shaped spots about 1 cm in diameter on the leaves. [Toshihiro Kajiwara] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ナシ、リンゴおよびタバコの重要病害。ナシ、リンゴの赤星病はサビキンの一種であるギムノスポランギウムGymnosporangium属菌の寄生によっておこる。4月から7月にかけて、ナシ、リンゴの葉に橙黄(とうこう)色の小さい斑点(はんてん)ができ、しだいに拡大して黄褐色の斑点になる。葉の裏面はややこぶ状に盛り上がり、毛状の突起が多数形成されている。これは病原菌の銹子(しゅうし)器で、これから多数のさび胞子が放出される。7月以降は、さび胞子が中間宿主のビャクシン類に達して発芽し、寄生して冬を越す。発生が多いと早期落葉して大きな被害を受ける。 この病気はナシまたはリンゴとビャクシン類に交互に寄生(異種寄生)するため、ビャクシン類が庭木として多く栽植されている住宅地の近くのナシ園でとくに発生が多い。防除には、園の近くにあるビャクシン類を除去するのがもっとも有効な方法である。なおナシの菌とリンゴの菌は寄生性が異なり、ナシの菌はナシのほかマルメロ、ボケ、カリンに、リンゴの菌はリンゴのほかズミ、カイドウに寄生する。 タバコ赤星病は、これらとはまったく異なるアルテルナリア・アルテルナタAlternaria alternataという菌の寄生により、葉に輪紋のある褐色の径1センチメートルほどの斑点ができる。 [梶原敏宏] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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