Theorem - teiri (English spelling) theorem

Japanese: 定理 - ていり(英語表記)theorem
Theorem - teiri (English spelling) theorem

A theorem is a proposition that has been proven. In other words, a theorem is a proposition that can be obtained in a mathematical theory by applying correct inferences from the axioms of that theory. A theorem is usually derived by applying further inferences from already known theorems. By definition, all proven propositions are theorems, but in reality, only the things that one wants to assert in a theory are presented as theorems. Among the proven propositions, a proposition that is not intended to be asserted as part of the development of the theory, but is frequently used in the proof of the theorem or that one wants to clarify as part of the process of proving the theorem, is called a lemma of that theorem. Also, sometimes the things one wants to assert become easier to understand by restricting the general conditions of a theorem to a special case. Such a proposition is called a corollary of that theorem.

[Ken Hirose]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

証明されている命題をいう。すなわち、ある数学的理論において、その理論の公理から正しい推論を重ねることによって得られる命題が定理である。定理は、すでに知られている諸定理から、さらに推論を重ねて導かれるのが普通である。定義からすれば、証明された命題はすべて定理であるが、実際には、その理論のなかで主張したい事柄のみが、定理として提出される。証明された命題のなかで、理論の展開として主張したいものではないが、定理の証明にたびたび用いるとか、定理の証明の筋道として明確にしておきたい命題を、その定理の補題という。また、定理の一般的条件を特殊な場合に制限した命題にすると、主張したい事柄がわかりやすくなることがある。このような命題を、その定理の系という。

[廣瀬 健]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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