Sahaaba (English spelling)

Japanese: サハーバ（英語表記）ṣaḥāba

The companions of the Prophet Muhammad. In the narrow sense, they are the people who built the foundations of Islam while sharing the joys and sorrows of Muhammad, but in general, they refer to all those who had contact with Muhammad even once during his lifetime, even if they were infants. In Islam, the sahaba holds great importance because they are the first figures in the isnad, which records the process of the transmission of hadith, which conveys the sunnah (examples, practices) of the Prophet, and their biographies (tabakat) were respected in later generations. Hadith is established only when the sahaba, who directly witnessed and heard Muhammad's words and deeds, pass them on to the next generation.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

預言者ムハンマドの教友のこと。狭義にはムハンマドと苦楽を共にしながらイスラムの礎石を築いた人々であるが，一般には，ムハンマドの生存中に，たとい幼児であっても彼に1度でも接した人すべてをいう。イスラムにおいて，サハーバが重要な意味をもつのは，サハーバが，預言者のスンナ(範例，慣行)を伝えるハディースの伝承の過程を記したイスナードの冒頭の人物になるためで，後世，その伝記(タバカート)が尊重された。ムハンマドの言行を直接見聞したサハーバが，次の世代にその言行を伝えて初めてハディースが成立する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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