Tsutsui Junkei

A feudal lord in Yamato during the Warring States period. Son of Junsho, his childhood name was Fujikatsu. When he was only two years old, he inherited the family headship after his father died of illness, and his relative Fukuzumi Munemoto acted as his deputy for government affairs. In 1559 (Eiroku 2), Matsunaga Hisahide of the Miyoshi government invaded, building Shigisan Castle and then Tamon Castle the following year, seizing control of most of Yamato, so Junkei abandoned Tsutsui Castle and fled to Higashisannai (Yamato Plateau) and Kawachi. When the Miyoshi government split up, he allied with the Miyoshi Trio to oppose Hisahide, regained Tsutsui Castle, and in 67 he even laid siege to Tamon Castle, but the following year, Oda Nobunaga entered Kyoto and the Trio came into conflict, and Hisahide surrendered to Nobunaga, turning the tide of the situation and causing him to fall into decline once again. However, taking advantage of Hisahide's anti-Nobunaga movement, he rose up in 71 (Genki 2), and after defeating Hisahide's forces in the Battle of Tatsuichi Castle, he was accepted by Nobunaga, and in 76 (Tensho 4) he was entrusted with the entire Yamato province. The following year he defeated Hisahide at Shigisan Castle, completed the pacification of the country in 78, built a castle in Koriyama, and established his position as a daimyo under the Oda government, and in 80 he carried out a land survey and destruction of castles throughout the province by order of Nobunaga. In 1582, he was invited by Akechi Mitsuhide at the Honnoji Incident, but he did not move from Koriyama, and after the Battle of Yamazaki, he joined Hashiba Hideyoshi. This gave rise to the popular belief that he watched the battle at Yamazaki from Horaga Pass and waited for the right moment to win. Under the Toyotomi government, he was granted possession of Yamato, and participated in the construction of Osaka Castle and the battles of Komaki and Nagakute, but died of an illness in 1582, and was succeeded by his adopted son Sadatsugu.

[Murata Shuzo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

戦国時代の大和(やまと)の大名。順昭(じゅんしょう)の子、幼名藤勝(ふじかつ)。わずか2歳のとき父の病死によって家督を継ぎ、一族の福住宗職(ふくずみむねもと)が政務を代行した。1559年（永禄2）三好(みよし)政権の松永久秀(まつながひさひで)が乱入し、信貴山(しぎさん)城、ついで翌年多聞(たもん)城を築いて大和の大半を制圧したため、順慶は筒井城を捨てて東山内(ひがしさんない)（大和高原）や河内(かわち)に逃れた。三好政権の分裂に際しては三好3人衆と結んで久秀と対抗、筒井城を回復し67年には多聞城を包囲するまでになったが、翌年入京した織田信長と3人衆が対立、久秀が信長に降(くだ)ったため形勢逆転し、ふたたび没落した。しかし久秀の反信長の動きに乗じて71年（元亀2）決起し、辰市(たついち)城の戦いで久秀方を大破したのを契機に信長に入れられ、76年（天正4）大和一国を預けられた。翌年信貴山城に久秀を討ち、78年国内平定を完了、郡山(こおりやま)に築城して織田政権下の大名の地位を確立し、80年には信長の命により一国中の指出(さしだし)検地と破城を実施した。82年本能寺の変で明智光秀(あけちみつひで)から誘われたが郡山を動かず、山崎の合戦後羽柴秀吉(はしばひでよし)に参じた。そのため洞(ほら)ヶ峠で山崎の合戦の形勢を観望し、日和見(ひよりみ)をしたという俗説を生んだ。豊臣(とよとみ)政権下で大和領有を認められ、大坂築城、小牧(こまき)・長久手(ながくて)の戦いなどに参加したが、天正(てんしょう)12年に病死、養子定次(さだつぐ)が後を継いだ。

［村田修三］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例