American crayfish (English name: Procambarus clarkii; red swamp crayfish)

Japanese: アメリカザリガニ(英語表記)Procambarus clarkii; red swamp crayfish
American crayfish (English name: Procambarus clarkii; red swamp crayfish)
A freshwater shrimp native to the Louisiana area of ​​the United States of America, it was first introduced to Kanagawa Prefecture in 1927 as food for bullfrogs, and has since spread to all prefectures in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. It can reach a body length of 15 cm, and is called ebi-gani or simply zarigani in various places. It is not often eaten in Japan, but it is cultivated in its native land, and it has been introduced to China and eastern Africa for food purposes. It reproduces in large numbers in Africa, and there are concerns about its adverse effects on the ecosystem. After molting and mating in June, it lays about 400 eggs. The eggs are about 2 mm in diameter, and hatch about one month later into adult form measuring 4.5 to 5 mm. They molt an average of nine times in one year, reaching 4.5 to 5 cm in size, and sexually mature at about 6 cm in one and a half years. They live by digging deep holes in the ridges of rice paddies, and prefer to prey on small fish, earthworms, and newts. They also damage plant shoots, causing damage to rice crops. In Japan, they are considered an invasive species (→ invasive organisms) that may cause damage to the ecosystem, and active control is recommended. (→ Crustaceans, Decapods, Arthropods, Malacostraca)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
軟甲綱十脚目アメリカザリガニ科。アメリカ合衆国ルイジアナ州周辺を原産地とする淡水産のエビで,日本には 1927年にウシガエルの餌として初めて神奈川県に移入され,その後本州,四国,九州全県に広まった。体長 15cmに達し,各地でエビガニ,あるいは単にザリガニと呼ばれている。日本ではあまり食用としないが,原産地では養殖も行なわれ,中国やアフリカ東部には食用目的で移入された。アフリカでは大繁殖し,生態系への悪影響が懸念されている。6月頃脱皮,交尾に続いて 400粒ほどを産卵する。卵は長径約 2mmで,約 1ヵ月後に 4.5~5mmの成体形で孵化する。満 1年で平均 9回の脱皮を繰り返して 4.5~5cmとなり,1年半後には約 6cmになって性的に成熟する。水田のあぜなどに深い穴を掘ってすみ,小魚,ミミズ,イモリなどを好んで捕食する。また植物の新芽なども食害し,稲作にも害を与える。日本では生態系に被害を及ぼすおそれのある外来種(→外来生物)とされており,積極的な防除が推奨されている。(→甲殻類,十脚類,節足動物,軟甲類)

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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