Chen Tianhua

A revolutionary and thinker from the late Qing Dynasty in China. He was from Xinhua in Hunan Province. His pen names were Xingtai and Sihuang, and his pen name was Guoting. He studied at the Changsha Shiwu School and participated in the Reform Movement (the Bohtsu Reform), after which he went to Japan to study in 1903 (Meiji 36). He wrote enlightening pamphlets such as "A Fierce Turnaround" and "A Warning Bell," and played a major role in encouraging the revolutionary movement alongside Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army." In 1904, he joined the Huaxing Society, a revolutionary group in Hunan, but the Changsha Uprising failed, and he fled to Japan again. He was temporarily unsure about how to proceed with the revolutionary movement, but played an active role in the formation of the China Tongming Society. Shortly thereafter, the Japanese government issued the "Regulations for the Control of Qing Dynasty Students," which sparked an opposition movement among the students. In order to inspire the students, who had been denounced by the Asahi Shimbun as "unbridled and despicable," he committed suicide by jumping off Omori Beach.

[Akio Ito]

"The Pioneers of the Chinese Revolution" by Shimada Kenji (1965, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "The Thoughts of the Xinhai Revolution" edited by Shimada Kenji and Ono Shinji (1968, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "New Edition: The Original History of Modern Chinese Thought, Volume 3 - Nation and State" edited by Murata Yujiro (2010, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)末の革命家、思想家。湖南省新化の人。字(あざな)は星台(せいだい)、思黄(しこう)、号は過庭(かてい)。長沙(ちょうさ)時務学堂に学び、変法運動（戊戌(ぼじゅつ)の変法）に参加し、その後、1903年（明治36）日本に留学。「猛回頭」「警世鐘」など啓蒙(けいもう)的パンフレットを書き、鄒容(すうよう)の「革命軍」と並んで、革命運動の鼓吹に大きな役割を果たした。1904年湖南の革命団体である華興(かこう)会に参加して長沙蜂起(ほうき)に失敗、ふたたび日本に亡命した。一時革命運動の進め方に迷いを生じたが、中国同盟会の結成には積極的役割を果たした。その後まもなく、日本政府が「清国留学生取締規則」を公布、留学生の反対運動が起こったとき、『朝日新聞』に「放縦卑劣」とののしられた留学生に奮起を促すため、大森海岸に投身自殺した。

［伊東昭雄］

『島田虔次著『中国革命の先駆者たち』（1965・筑摩書房）』▽『島田虔次・小野信爾編『辛亥革命の思想』（1968・筑摩書房）』▽『村田雄二郎編『新編　原典中国近代思想史　第3巻――民族と国家』（2010・岩波書店）』

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