A type of general-purpose synthetic rubber. Its abbreviation according to ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards is BR. It is a polymer of butadiene (polybutadiene) and is broadly divided into the following three types: (1) High cis BR: A stereoregular polymer with 96% or more cis-1,4 bonds synthesized by solution polymerization of butadiene using a Ziegler catalyst. It is the second most widely used general-purpose rubber after styrene-butadiene rubber, and can be vulcanized in the same way as natural rubber. It has high resilience, excellent abrasion resistance and low-temperature properties, good transparency and resistance to aging, and little dynamic heat generation. Its disadvantages are that it is difficult to crystallize due to its high elongation, and it has poor processability and tear strength. It is mixed with natural rubber and used in tires, belts, footwear, hoses, golf balls, industrial products, etc. (2) Low-cis BR: Synthesized by solution polymerization or emulsion polymerization with an organolithium catalyst, it contains 10-35% cis-1,4 bonds. It has similar properties to high-cis BR, but its low-temperature properties are slightly inferior. In addition to being used as a general-purpose rubber like high-cis BR, it is also used to improve the impact resistance and low-temperature properties of plastics. Low-cis BR latex made by emulsion polymerization is used for impact-improving blends of polystyrene (one component of ABS resin). (3) 1,2BR: Synthesized by solution polymerization using Ziegler or organometallic polar compound catalysts, it is a stereoregular polymer with 90% or more 1,2 bonds. By adjusting the crystallinity, it becomes a thermoplastic elastomer. It is used in footwear, wrapping films, sponge products, etc. [Kazuyoshi Fukuda] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
汎用(はんよう)合成ゴムの一種。ASTM(アメリカ材料試験協会)の規格による略称はBR。ブタジエンの重合体(ポリブタジエン)で、次の3種類に大別される。 (1)高シスBR ブタジエンのツィーグラー(チーグラー)系触媒による溶液重合で合成されるシス-1,4結合が96%以上の立体規則性ポリマー(重合体)である。スチレン・ブタジエンゴムに次いで多く使われる汎用ゴムで、天然ゴムと同じように加硫できる。反発弾性が大きく、耐摩耗性や低温特性が優れ、透明性・耐老化性がよく、動的発熱が小さい。欠点は高伸度で結晶化しがたく、加工性、引裂き強度が劣ることである。天然ゴムと混合してタイヤ、ベルト、履き物、ホース、ゴルフボール、工業用品などに用いる。 (2)低シスBR 有機リチウム触媒による溶液重合か乳化重合によって合成され、シス-1,4結合が10~35%含まれる。高シスBRと類似した性質であるが、低温特性がやや低い。高シスBRと同じ汎用ゴムとして使われるほか、プラスチックの耐衝撃性や低温特性を改良するために用いられる。乳化重合によってつくられる低シスBRラテックスはポリスチレンの耐衝撃性改良ブレンド用(ABS樹脂の一成分)に使われる。 (3)1,2BR ツィーグラー系または有機金属‐極性化合物系触媒による溶液重合で合成され、1,2結合が90%以上の立体規則性ポリマーである。結晶度を調節すると熱可塑性エラストマーとなる。履物、ラップフィルム、スポンジ製品などの用途がある。 [福田和吉] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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