Chinzei Tandai

After the Mongol (Yuan) invasion, this was a branch office of the Kamakura Shogunate established in Hakata for the purpose of military command of the vassals in the Kyushu region and arbitration of lawsuits. There are two theories about when it was established: one says that it was established in March 1293 (Einin 1) when Hojo Kanetoki and Hojo Tokiie went down to Chinzei, and the other says that it was established in September 1296 when Kanazawa Sanemasa went down to Chinzei. Sanemasa took over from Rokuhara Tandai, which had previously been arbitrating lawsuits in Chinzei, and exercised the final arbitration authority by issuing written orders stating, "We hereby grant your consent as stated in the order." The Chinzei Tandai was appointed by a member of the Hojo clan, and under him were the Hikitsukeshu, who were appointed by powerful vassals in the Chinzei region, and they were divided into three groups to handle inquiries. After Sanemasa, Hojo Masaaki, Hojo Yukitoki, and Hojo Hidetoki were appointed as Chinzei Tandai. On May 25, 1333 (Ganko 3/Shokei 2), Hojo Hidetoki was attacked by Chinzei warriors, including the Shoni, Otomo, and Shimazu clans, and committed suicide at his residence in Meihama, Hakata, and the Chinzei Tandai was destroyed. Note that the Chinzei Tandai is used to distinguish it from the Chinzei Bugyo, which was established in the early Kamakura period, the Chinzei Kanrei, which was established by the Muromachi Shogunate, and the Kyushu Tandai.

[Seno Seiichiro]

"Sato Shinichi, 'A Study of the Litigation System of the Kamakura Shogunate' (1946, Meguro Shoten)" ▽ "Seno Seiichiro, 'A Study of the Chinzei Gokenin' (1975, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

モンゴル（元）襲来後、九州地方における御家人(ごけにん)の軍事統率と訴訟裁断を目的として、博多(はかた)に設置された鎌倉幕府の出先機関。設置された時期については、北条兼時(ほうじょうかねとき)・北条時家(ときいえ)が鎮西に下向した1293年（永仁1）3月とする説、金沢実政(かねさわさねまさ)が鎮西に下向した1296年9月とする説がある。実政は、それまで鎮西における訴訟の裁断を六波羅探題(ろくはらたんだい)が行っていたのにかわって、最終裁断権を行使し、「依仰下知如件」の書止め文言を有する裁許状を発給した。鎮西探題は北条氏一族1名が任命され、その下に鎮西有力御家人から任命された引付(ひきつけ)衆がおり、三番に分かれて問注(もんちゅう)を処理した。実政以後、北条政顕(まさあき)、北条随時(ゆきとき)、北条英時(ひでとき)が鎮西探題に就任した。1333年（元弘3・正慶2）5月25日、少弐(しょうに)・大友・島津氏など鎮西武士たちの襲撃を受けて、北条英時は博多姪浜(めいのはま)の館(たち)で自害し、鎮西探題は滅亡した。なお、鎮西探題は、鎌倉時代初期に設置された鎮西奉行(ぶぎょう)、室町幕府によって設けられた鎮西管領(かんれい)、九州探題とは区別して用いられる。

［瀬野精一郎］

『佐藤進一著『鎌倉幕府訴訟制度の研究』（1946・目黒書店）』▽『瀬野精一郎著『鎮西御家人の研究』（1975・吉川弘文館）』

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