The energy released when an electron binds to a neutral atom, molecule, or radical in an isolated system. It is equal to the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a negative ion. This value indicates the degree of tendency of atoms, molecules, and radicals to become negative ions, and their stability when they become negative ions, and is the most important physical quantity related to negative ions. The ground state of a negative ion of a molecule with a positive electron affinity is stable in an isolated system, but if it is negative, the negative ion of that molecule is not stable. It is usually expressed as the energy difference between the ground states of neutral particles and negative ions, but there are many examples, such as He, where the ground state electron affinity is negative and the excited state (2 3 S) has a positive electron affinity of 0.08 eV. The electron affinity of each substance has been measured since the 1930s using a variety of methods, as shown below, but with some exceptions, reliable values could not be obtained until recently. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
中性原子,分子,遊離基などに孤立系で1個の電子が結合する際に放出されるエネルギー.負イオンから1個の電子を除くのに要する最小エネルギーに等しい.この値は,原子,分子,遊離基などが負イオンになる傾向の大小,負イオンになったときの安定度を示すもので,負イオンに関するもっとも重要な物理量である.電子親和力が正である分子の負イオンの基底状態は,孤立系で安定であり,負であればその分子の負イオンは安定に存在しない.通常,中性粒子および負イオンそれぞれの基底状態間のエネルギー差で表すが,Heのように基底状態の電子親和力が負であり,励起状態(23S)は0.08 eV の正の電子親和力をもつという例も少なくない.電子親和力の各物質についての値は,1930年代から以下に示す多様な方法で測定されてきたが,一部を除いて最近まで信頼される値は得られなかった. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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