This is a system in which rural residents, aware that their village is a living community, make plans for land and water use, and comprehensively plan the construction of facilities for production, transportation, education and culture, welfare, etc., with the aim of improving production and living standards. In Japan, this was advocated by Ninomiya Sontoku at the end of the Edo period. One example of this is the "Village Policy Setting Movement" advocated by Maeda Masayoshi at the end of the 19th century. Today, rural planning is carried out as part of national land planning and urban planning, and is subordinate to them. One example is the New Rural Construction Plan (1956), which is a long-term plan spanning 10 years and includes land use plans, plans to develop healthy farmers, agricultural plans, and plans to improve living standards. Internationally, rural planning has existed for a long time, such as irrigation projects in India, but in the 1950s, the United Nations and other developing countries began to promote rural development plans, and community development methods were supported. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
農村民が村を生活共同体であるとの自覚から生産や生活の向上をはかることを目指して,土地や水の利用計画を立て,生産,交通,教育文化,福利厚生などの施設建設を総合的に計画すること。日本では江戸時代末期に二宮尊徳によって唱えられた。 19世紀末前田正名の提唱になる「村是設定運動」もその一つ。今日では,農村計画は国土計画,都市計画の一部として,それに従属した形で行われるようになった。 10年にわたる長期計画として土地利用計画,健全農家育成計画,農業計画,生活改善計画などを立てた新農村建設計画 (1956) もその一環。国際的にはインドの灌漑事業など古くから農村計画があったが,1950年代に入って国際連合を中心に発展途上国の農村開発計画が進められ,コミュニティー・ディベロップメント方法が擁立されてきた。
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