This was a temporary tax imposed by the Southern Court during the Northern and Southern Court period. During the reigns of Emperor Go-Murakami to Emperor Chokei, it was imposed on temple and shrine lands in Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi, Settsu, and even Kii. The Southern Court devised this system to cover military expenses, which were often insufficient, and as a way to attract local samurai, but it can be said to be almost identical in nature to the Muromachi Shogunate's system of half-tax and military provision fees. A letter from Saemon-no-jo dated March 25, 1357 (Shohei 12) reads, "It is decreed that Hanazono Taijubo and Dojirobei-no-jo should be given fiefs as the court portion and tax office of Kamininnaji-no-sho in Kawachi Province" (Wakike documents). The local samurai first gained the right to collect taxes, and then the right to obtain land ownership. Although this authority was granted to them by the Southern Court, it is clear that local lordship was expanding and manorial lordship was declining. [Kazuhiko Sato] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南北朝時代に、南朝によって賦課された臨時課税。後村上(ごむらかみ)天皇から長慶(ちょうけい)天皇の時代に、大和(やまと)・河内(かわち)・和泉(いずみ)・摂津(せっつ)さらには、紀伊(きい)の寺社領に対して賦課された。南朝は、不足がちの軍費の充当や、在地(ざいち)武士の吸引策としてこの制度を考案したが、室町幕府の半済(はんぜい)・兵粮料所(ひょうろうりょうしょ)の制とほぼ同一の性質のものということができる。1357年(正平12)3月25日付け左衛門尉(さえもんのじょう)書状に「河内国上仁和寺庄(かみにんなじのしょう)朝用分、料所として、花園待従房(はなぞのじじゅうぼう)、同次郎兵衛尉(ひょうえのじょう)、知行(ちぎょう)せしむべきの由の事」(『脇家(わきけ)文書』)とある。在地武士たちは、まず課税徴収権を、ついで下地(したじ)知行権を獲得していったのである。南朝よりこの権限を与えられたものとはいえ、在地領主権の展開、荘園(しょうえん)領主権の後退は明白である。 [佐藤和彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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