Requisition - Choyou

Japanese: 徴用 - ちょうよう
Requisition - Choyou

Under the national mobilization system during World War II, this meant the forced mobilization of labor to munitions companies, and the subjects of this were called conscripted workers. The National Mobilization Law of 1938 (Showa 13) stipulated that any citizen could be employed in work in accordance with wartime needs, and the National Mobilization Order of 1939 embodied this the following year. The government was allowed to issue necessary orders to munitions companies regarding the employment, dismissal, employment, retirement, wages, and other matters of conscripted workers, and the supervision of labor management was integrated from the Ministry of Health and Welfare's labor administrators to the Ministry of Munitions. Conscripted workers were actually workers, and most of them were employees of small and medium-sized businesses, including retailers, and inexperienced workers. Real wages fell every year after 1938, with wages as compensation for labor denied. Labor mobility was prohibited, and labor intensification was openly carried out under the name of conscription. This resulted in a large number of spontaneous instances of rebellion, including high rates of absenteeism, slacking in the workplace, and falsifying certificates to avoid conscription.

[Mitomi Noriyoshi]

[References] | National Conscription Law | National Mobilization Law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

第二次世界大戦下の国家総動員体制のもとで、労働力を軍需会社へ強制的に動員したことをいい、これの対象者を徴用工といった。1938年(昭和13)の国家総動員法は、戦時の必要に即して国民だれでもを業務に従事させることができると定め、翌1939年の国民徴用令はこれを具体化した。政府は、軍需会社に対し、徴用工の使用、解雇、従業、退職、給与その他に関して必要な命令を出すことができるとされ、また、労務管理についての指導監督は、厚生省の労務管理官から軍需省の管理官に統合された。徴用工は、実際には勤労者からなり、小売商人をはじめ中小商工業の従業員や未経験工がその多くを占めた。実質賃金は、労働の対価としての賃金の否定されたもとで1938年以降毎年低下した。労働者の移動は禁止され、労働強化が徴用の名において公然と行われた。このため、高率の欠勤をはじめ、職場における怠業、証明書の虚偽による徴用の回避などの自然発生的な反抗が少なくなかった。

[三富紀敬]

[参照項目] | 国民徴用令 | 国家総動員法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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