The capital of Norway, located in the inner bay of the Oslo Fjord in the southeast of the country. It has a population of 514,541 (2002). Located at 60 degrees north latitude, it enjoys long hours of sunlight in summer, with daylight lasting 18.5 hours in June. The average temperature is 15.8°C in July and -5.8°C in January, which is close to the temperature in Nemuro, Hokkaido. The climate is mild considering its high latitude, but there are large annual fluctuations. The deep waters of the bay made it a good natural harbor, but the lava plateau behind it prevented traffic to the inland. Railway construction, which began at the end of the 19th century, expanded the hinterland and promoted the growth of the city. The Port of Oslo is a trading port that imports metals, textiles, oils and fats, and exports wood, pulp, paper, fish, etc. Along the Akers River in the east, there are flour mills, textiles, castings, machinery, printing factories, etc., which were established using hydropower, forming an industrial zone. Industries such as shipbuilding, electrical equipment, paper, and chemicals are also thriving. The center of Oslo is Karl Johansgate, which connects the Eastern Railway Station with the Royal Palace on a hill. Along the street are Oslo Cathedral, Parliament, the National Theatre, and the University of Oslo. The National Gallery and the Historical Museum are located on the north side of the street. Between the street and Stortingsgate on the south side is a beautiful tree-lined park. Just behind the wharf, where people are busy buying shrimp from fishing boats, is the brown building of City Hall. Inside, paintings and sculptures by Norway's leading artists are displayed. In the northwest is Frogner Park, which features a collection of sculptures by Vigeland (1869-1943), known as the Nordic Rodin. On the Bygdøy Peninsula in the southwest, there is the Viking Museum, which displays excavated Viking ships, and the Ethnographic Museum. In the hills on the northern outskirts is Holmenkollen Ski Jump, which was used in the 1952 Winter Olympics, and the nearby Triban Tower offers a good view. [Kiyofumi Takeuchi] historyKing Harald Gorgon built the city on the east bank of the Akers River around 1050, and it became a bishopric at the end of the 11th century. Haakon V moved the capital from Bergen to Oslo (early 14th century), and the city flourished with the influx of German merchants, but declined due to the Black Death in 1349. After a fire in 1624, King Christian IV moved the city westward and renamed it Christiania (Kristiania). The city area expanded after a fire in 1686, and a wealthy merchant class was formed with the expansion of the timber trade in the 18th century. After the University of Oslo was founded in 1811, it became a cultural center, and in the mid-19th century, railway construction began, leading to the development of textile and machine industries. In 1875, horse-drawn railways were laid, and electrification began in 1894. In 1925, amid a climate of national self-determination after World War I, the city reverted to its former name of Oslo. The city was the site of the Oslo Agreement between the three Nordic countries and the three Benelux countries (which later included Finland) in 1930. During World War II, it was occupied by German troops from 1940 to 1945. In 1948, the city area was expanded and remains as it is today. [Akihisa Arakawa] [References] | | | |A medieval fortress located south of the center of Oslo. It is said to have been built around 1300 and remodeled in the 17th century. It is currently used as a venue for official events. Oslo, Norway ©Shogakukan "> Akershus Castle Located on the Bygdøy peninsula in the southwest of Oslo, it exhibits historical buildings collected from all over Norway. The photo shows the Stave Church, a wooden building from the 12th century. Norway, Oslo ©Shogakukan "> Norwegian Museum of Folklore A museum that introduces the history and culture of the city of Oslo. It is located on the grounds of Frogner Park. Oslo, Norway ©Shogakukan "> Oslo City Museum Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ノルウェー南東部、オスロ・フィヨルドの湾奥部に発達した同国の首都。人口51万4541(2002)。北緯60度に位置するため、夏の日照時間が長く、6月には昼が18時間半も続く。平均気温は7月が15.8℃、1月が零下5.8℃で、北海道の根室の気温に近い。高緯度にあるわりには温和な気候であるが、年による変動が大きい。湾内の水深が深く、天然の良港としての条件を備えていたが、背後の溶岩台地が内陸部への交通を妨げた。19世紀末から始まった鉄道建設は、後背地を広げ、都市の成長を促した。オスロ港は、金属、繊維、油脂などを輸入し、木材、パルプ、紙、魚類などを輸出する貿易港である。東部のアーケルス川沿岸には、水力の利用によって立地した製粉、繊維、鋳物、機械、印刷などの工場が集まり、工業地帯を形成している。また造船、電気機器、紙、化学などの工業も盛んである。 オスロの中心街は、東駅と小高い丘の上にある王宮とを結ぶカール・ヨハンス通りである。そこにはオスロ大聖堂、国会議事堂、国立劇場、オスロ大学が並ぶ。北側の通りには国立美術館と歴史博物館がある。南側のストーティングス通りとの間には美しい並木の公園がある。漁船から小エビを買い求める人たちでにぎわう波止場のすぐ後ろに、茶色の建物の市庁舎がある。内部にはノルウェー第一線の芸術家の手になる絵画や彫刻が飾られている。北西部には北欧のロダンと称されるビーゲラン(1869―1943)の彫刻を集めたフログナー公園がある。南西部のビュグドイ半島には、発掘されたバイキング船を展示するバイキング博物館や民族博物館がある。北郊の丘陵地帯には、1952年冬季オリンピックに使用されたホルメンコーレン・スキージャンプ台があり、近くのトリーバン・タワーからは展望が楽しめる。 [竹内清文] 歴史1050年ごろハラルド強意王がアーケルス川東岸に建設し、11世紀末に司教座となる。ホーコン5世はベルゲンからオスロに遷都し(14世紀初頭)、このころドイツ商人の進出で活況を呈したが、1349年の黒死病(ペスト)で衰微。1624年の大火で国王クリスティアン4世が同市を西へ移動し、クリスティアニアChristiania(Kristiania)と改名。1686年の大火を機に市域が拡大し、18世紀の木材貿易の伸展で富裕な商人階級が形成された。1811年オスロ大学設立後は文化の中心地となり、19世紀中ごろに鉄道建設が始まり、繊維・機械工業がおこった。1875年鉄道馬車が敷かれ、1894年から電化。第一次世界大戦後の民族自決の風潮のなか、1925年に旧名オスロに戻った。北欧三国とベネルックス三国(のちにフィンランドも参加)との間の「オスロ諸国協定」の成立地(1930)。第二次世界大戦時の1940~45年にはドイツ軍に占領された。1948年市域が拡張されて今日に至っている。 [荒川明久] [参照項目] | | | |オスロ市中心部南にある中世の城塞。1300年ごろの建造といわれ、17世紀に改築された。現在は公式行事の会場として使用されている。ノルウェー オスロ©Shogakukan"> アーケシュフース城 オスロ市南西部、ビュグドイ半島にある。ノルウェー国内から集められた歴史的建造物を展示している。写真は12世紀の木造建築、スターブ教会。ノルウェー オスロ©Shogakukan"> ノルウェー民族博物館 オスロ市の歴史・文化を紹介する博物館。フログナー公園の敷地内にある。ノルウェー オスロ©Shogakukan"> オスロ市立博物館 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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