Town office - Choyaku

Japanese: 町役 - ちょうやく

〘noun〙① Obligations and relationships as a resident of a town. It was imposed on those who had a household in the town. In the early modern period, in Edo and Osaka, there were obligations such as patrolling the town and attending weddings, funerals, etc. at least one person from each household. machiyaku. [Nippo Jisho (1603-04)] *Ukiyo-zoshi, Saikaku Oridome (1694), 5 "If you can't refuse to attend the wedding ceremony, it's difficult not to attend the town official's open -air funeral." ② Especially in Osaka, this was a system in which townspeople were forced to pay the expenses of each town. In addition to the duties of each household, it was collected by dividing the cost by the width of the frontage, the amount by the square meter, and the number of townspeople. *Haikai, Osaka Dokuginshu (1675), vol. 1 "The town official who pays the money for the night, who wears his love clothes and his heart on top of them, pays the money for the night." ③ Abbreviation of "choyakunin (town official)." ※Miscellaneous poems, Kasatsuki Ruidaishu (1834) "The voice of the town official's dog is heard"

Machi-yaku [town office]

〘 noun 〙① Duties imposed on townspeople. These consisted of both monetary burdens such as public service money and town fees, and labor burdens such as attendance at the town guard and various events, which were paid by the landlord. Choyaku. [Nippo Jisho (1603-04)]② Abbreviation of "machiyakunin (town official)." *Kabuki, Shitenno Kaede Edo Sho (1804), second verse: "You're a town official , but you don't have much wisdom."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 町内の住民としての義理やつきあい。町内に一戸をかまえる者に対して課せられた。近世、江戸や大坂などでは、町内見回り、冠婚葬祭などに一軒から必ずひとりは出なければならないなどの義務があった。まちやく。〔日葡辞書（1603‐04）〕※浮世草子・西鶴織留（1694）五「いやといはれぬ祝言振舞、町役(ちゃうヤク)の野おくりには出ぬ事成難し」② 特に、大坂で、各町の費用をその町人に負担させるもの。一軒一役の役割のほか、間口割、坪割、顔割（町人の頭数による）などの方法で徴収された。※俳諧・大坂独吟集（1675）上「恋衣おもきが上に打かけて待宵のかねはらふ町役〈素玄〉」③ 「ちょうやくにん（町役人）」の略。※雑俳・笠付類題集（1834）「耳にたつ町役持ば犬の声」

まち‐やく【町役】

〘名〙① 町人に課せられた諸役。公役銀、町費など金銭の負担と、自身番・諸行事への出席など労務の負担の両者があり、地主が負担した。ちょうやく。〔日葡辞書（1603‐04）〕② 「まちやくにん（町役人）」の略。※歌舞伎・四天王楓江戸粧（1804）二番目「お前も町役(マチヤク)をしながら、あんまり智慧がないぞ」

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