This refers to the localized death of tissues in the body. Tissues and cells in the body are kept alive by the action of blood circulation and nerves, but when these are impaired, or when factors that directly damage and kill cells, such as high fever, low temperature, drugs, poisons, pressure, electric current, radiation, or misdirected secretions, cause necrosis. In necrotic tissue, the entire cell collapses, the cell boundaries become unclear, and finally disappear. In addition, the nucleus may become fragmented, condensed, or destroyed. There are two types of necrosis: coagulation necrosis, in which dead tissue becomes an insoluble substance (infarction seen in the heart, spleen, and kidneys, and caseous foci in tuberculous nodules), and liquefaction necrosis, in which dead tissue softens and liquefies (brain softening foci). The body recognizes necrotic tissue as a foreign body and responds in various ways to it, such as absorption and encapsulation. [Yutaka Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生体内におこる局所的な組織の死をいう。生体の組織、細胞は血液循環や神経の作用によって生きているわけであるが、これらに障害がおきた場合や、高熱、低温、薬物、毒物、圧迫、電流、放射線、分泌物の誤流といった、細胞を直接障害死滅させる因子によって、壊死の状態が生ずる。壊死に陥った組織では、細胞全体が崩れ、細胞の境界が不明となり、ついには消失する。さらには、核がばらばらになったり、濃縮したり、壊れたりというような種々の様相も呈する。壊死には、死滅した組織が不溶性の物質になる凝固壊死(心臓、脾臓(ひぞう)、腎臓(じんぞう)などにみられる梗塞(こうそく)、結核結節の乾酪(かんらく)化巣)と、軟化し液化に陥る液化壊死(脳軟化巣)とがある。壊死をおこした組織に対して、生体は異物と認識し、吸収、被包などの種々の処理反応を示す。 [渡辺 裕] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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