Superman (English spelling)

Japanese: 超人 - ちょうじん(英語表記)Übermensch
Superman (English spelling)
The absolute being that comes into existence as a result of overcoming the intermediate human being. The concept of the superman began with Lucian's Greek term hyperanthrōpos, and was found in Adam H. Müller, Johann G. Herder, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel, and Jean Paul, but it was Friedrich W. Nietzsche who developed it philosophically. In his book Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche argued that the concrete image of the superman is Zarathustra, the ruler of humanity in place of the Christian God, and the common people are merely his subjects. He also wrote that the last man (der letzte Mensch) is the polar opposite of the superman. Nietzsche's idea of ​​the superman was misinterpreted in later times, for example by the Nazis, but in modern times it has been shed new light on the idea from the standpoint of existentialism.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
中間者としての人間が克服された結果,存在することになった絶対者のこと。この超人の概念はすでにルキアノスの hyperanthrōposというギリシア語に始まり,アダム・H.ミュラー,ヨハン・G.ヘルダー,ヨハン・ウォルフガング・フォン・ゲーテ,テオドール・ゴットリープ・フォン・ヒッペル,ジャン・パウルらにおいて見出されるが,思想として哲学的に深められたのはフリードリヒ・W.ニーチェにおいてである。ニーチェは著書『ツァラトゥストラはかく語りき』で,超人の具体像こそはツァラトゥストラであり,キリスト教の神に代わる人類の支配者で,民衆はその服従者でしかないと唱えた。また超人の正反対の存在として末人 der letzte Menschがあるとも記した。ニーチェの超人思想はのちの時代,たとえばナチスにより曲解されたこともあったが,現代では実存主義哲学の立場などから新たな光があてられている。

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