Born: April 26, 1889 in Vienna [Died] April 29, 1951. Cambridge Austrian-born philosopher. Initially studied engineering in Berlin and Manchester, but from 1912 studied logic and philosophy at Cambridge. During World War I, he volunteered for the Austrian army, was a prisoner of war in Italy from 1918 to 1919, and worked as a primary school teacher, gardener, architect, etc. from 1920 to 1928. He returned to Cambridge in 1929, was a fellow and lecturer at the university from 1930 to 1936, and naturalized in Britain in 1938. He was professor of philosophy from 1939 to 1947. He initially defined philosophy as the study of language criticism, and, influenced by B. Russell, advocated logical atomism, trying to clarify the correspondence between language and facts. However, he later reflected on this position and came to see the significance of analyzing everyday language. His major works are Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung (1921) and Philosophical Inquiry Philosophische Untersuchungen (Part 1, 36-45; Part 2, 47-49). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1889.4.26. ウィーン [没]1951.4.29. ケンブリッジ オーストリア生れの哲学者。最初ベルリンとマンチェスターで工学を学んだが,1912年以降ケンブリッジで論理学,哲学を学んだ。第1次世界大戦中はオーストリア軍に志願,18~19年イタリアで捕虜生活をおくったのち,20~28年小学校教師,庭師,建築家などを経て,29年ケンブリッジに復帰,30~36年同大学フェロー,講師,38年イギリスに帰化,39~47年哲学教授。彼は初め,哲学を言語批判の学として規定し,B.ラッセルの影響を受けながら論理的原子論 logical atomismを主張し,言語と事実との対応関係を明らかにしようとした。しかしそののち,彼はこの立場を反省し,日常言語の分析に意義を見出すにいたった。主著『論理哲学論考』 Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung (1921) ,『哲学探究』 Philosophische Untersuchungen (第1部,36~45。第2部,47~49) 。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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