Couper, AS (English name) CouperAS

Japanese: Couper，A.S.（英語表記）CouperAS

...E. Frankland recognized the generality of this type of relationship through his research on organometallic compounds, and stated that various atoms have a certain bonding strength, or valence (1852). FA Kekule and Archbald Scott Couper (1831-92) extended this idea to organic compounds, showing that the structure of all organic matter can be explained by assuming that the valence of carbon is 4 and that double and triple bonds with valences of 2 or more are allowed when bonding with other atoms (around 1858). Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-86) took this theory a step further, stating that the structural formulas proposed by Cooper, written using straight lines representing bonds, are not simply a mental memory of valence assignments, but correspond to the structure of actual molecules, and that different structural formulas correspond to different real molecules (isomers). ...

[Butlerov]

…Born into a family of minor nobility, he studied chemistry at Kazan University under Zinin NN Zinin (1812-80) and Klaus KK Klaus (1796-1869), and taught at his alma mater and from 1868 at the University of St. Petersburg. After a business trip to Western Europe in 1857-58, he criticized the chemical theories of the time, and arrived at his theory of chemical structure around 1860 (published in 1861) based on Cooper AS Couper (1831-92), FA Kekulé's new concepts (tetravalency of carbon, carbon-carbon bond, 1858), and his own research on methylene derivatives. He created the theory of chemical structure in order to express the chemical properties of molecules and all the consequences derived from them in a single formula. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Couper, AS" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…E.フランクランドは，有機金属化合物の研究を通じて，この種の関係の一般性を認め，各種の原子は一定の結合力すなわち〈原子価〉をもつ，と述べた(1852)。この考え方をF.A.ケクレとクーパーArchbald Scott Couper(1831‐92)は有機化合物に拡張し，炭素の原子価を4とし，かつ他の原子と結合する際原子価を2以上用いた二重結合，三重結合を認めれば，すべての有機物の構造が説明できることを示した(1858ころ)。ブトレロフAleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov(1828‐86)はこの説をさらに進めて，クーパーの提案した結合を表す直線を用いて書かれた構造式は単に原子価の割当ての心覚えではなく実際の分子の構造に対応し，異なる構造式には異なる実在分子(異性体)が対応するという考えを述べた。…

【ブトレロフ】より

…下級貴族の家に生まれ，カザン大学でジーニンN.N.Zinin(1812‐80)とクラウスK.K.Klaus(1796‐1869)に化学を学び，初め母校で，1868年からはペテルブルグ大学で教えた。1857‐58年の西欧出張後，当時の化学理論を批判し，クーパーA.S.Couper(1831‐92)，F.A.ケクレの新概念(炭素の4価性，炭素炭素結合，1858)とみずからのメチレン誘導体研究などから，60年ころ化学構造論に到達した(1861発表)。彼は，〈化学構造〉を分子の化学的性質とそれに由来するすべての帰結が依存するものとして，それを単一の式で表現するために化学構造論を創始した。…

※「Couper，A.S.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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