...First of all, the Moscow Art Theatre was founded in 1918, the year after the revolution, out of a desire for innovation and a real, genuine response that only theater could provide, in opposition to the prevailing trends in the theater world at the end of the 19th century, which had become stale, commercial, and showy.This was in line with the contemporary German Theater Meiningen and the Free Theater movement in France and other countries. Next, referring to the aforementioned movement towards innovation, for example, the former Odéon (Luxembourg Theatre), which became the second theatre of the Comédie-Française, was later called the Théâtre de France, and for a time (1958-68) was entrusted to the Renaud-Barraud Company by JL Barraud and M. Renaud, under the auspices of Minister of Culture A. Malraux. During that time, it was noted for its new staging of classics and for the performance of works by P. Claudel, J. Genet, S. Beckett, E. Ionesco, and others. Another very innovative and unique example would be the activities of the aforementioned Parisian TNP. Founded in 1920, its first director was the actor and director F. Gémier. *Some of the terms mentioned in "Théâtre de France" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… まず〈モスクワ芸術座〉は,19世紀末,マンネリ,商業主義,大芝居化していた当時の演劇界の大勢に抗して,リアルで純正な,演劇ならではの手ごたえをという革新の願いから革命翌年の1918年に生まれたもので,この事情は同時代のドイツの〈マイニンゲン一座〉や,フランスその他での〈自由劇場〉運動と軌を一にしている。 次にここで,先に指摘した革新の動きにふれると,たとえば〈コメディ・フランセーズ〉の第二劇場となった旧〈オデオン座〉(リュクサンブール劇場)が,のちに〈テアトル・ド・フランスThéâtre de France〉と呼ばれて,文化相A.マルローの肝煎(きもいり)で一時期,J.L.バロー,M.ルノーの〈ルノー・バロー劇団〉に委ねられ(1958‐68),その間古典の新演出や,P.クローデル,J.ジュネ,S.ベケット,E.イヨネスコらの作品上演で気を吐いたことが見落とせないが,いまひとつ非常に斬新でユニークな例は,上記のパリの〈TNP〉の活躍であろう。創設は1920年で,初代の責任者は俳優・演出家のF.ジェミエ。… ※「Théâtre de France」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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