Chojiro - Chojiro

Japanese: 長次郎 - ちょうじろう

Year of birth: Year of birth and death unknown A Raku ware potter from the early Momoyama period. He is considered to be the first of the Raku family. He produced red and black tea bowls in Raku ware, which is made by hand-kneading the pottery, applying a low-temperature glaze and firing it in an internal kiln, in accordance with the tastes of Sen no Rikyu. Chojiro's year of death is thought to have been around 1589, based on the "Raku ware genealogy" in the "Sounyu documents" of 1688, which states that "it took him a hundred years to complete until the year of the Dragon." According to the document, Chojiro is said to be the son of "Ameya" and "Bikuni", and "Ameya" is also said to be "the original candy". There are two theories about his origin: Korea and China. However, "Honami Gyojyo-ki", which records the words and deeds of Honami Koetsu, who was on friendly terms with Raku Jokei and Do-nyū, states that "Regarding Raku ware, Ameya Chojiro's parents were Chinese", and since the glaze method of Raku ware is common to Kochi ware in southern China, it is highly likely that he was Chinese. In "So-nyū Documents", Jokei, who has been considered the second generation of Raku, is said to be the son of Tanaka Sokei along with Somi, who is said to be Chojiro's father-in-law, and the possibility of a second Chojiro being present has been pointed out based on their respective ages. One of Chojiro's works is a lion tile engraved with the inscription "Made by Chojiro, in the second spring of Tensho" and, since its technique is common to Akaraku, it is believed that the Akaraku technique was established by Tensho 2. Regarding tea bowls, the entry for October 13, 1582 in the "Matsuya Kaiki" mentions a "Sōeki-gata no chawan," which is thought to be a Raku tea bowl made under the guidance of Sen no Rikyu, and the "Seki-kai no chawan" from 1582 in the "Tennojiya Kaiki" and the "Hatanosoritaru chawan" from 1583 are seen at tea ceremonies held by Yamagami Soji and Sen no Rikyu, and some say that these are early Raku tea bowls. "Ima-yaki chawan" often appear in tea ceremonies recorded after 1582, and these are thought to have been made at kilns operated by multiple potters, including Chōjirō, Sōkei, Sōmi, and Jōkei. Among the representative works of "Chojiro" are the tea bowls known as the "Seven Types of Chojiro" that are said to have been owned or selected by Sen no Rikyu. These are divided into inner and outer types, with the inner types being "Daikoku," "Toyobo," "Rinzai," "Kimori," "Hachikai," "Hayafune," and "Kengyo," and the outer types being "Gantori," "Kankyo," "Tarobo," "Yokoun," "Kokuro," "Ichimonji," and "Hijiri." <References> Seizo Hayashiya, "Chojiro" (Complete Collection of Japanese Ceramics, Vol. 20)

(Yoshiaki Ito)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

生年：生没年不詳
桃山初期の楽焼の陶工。楽家の初代とされている。手捏ねで成形し,低火度釉をかけ内窯で焼く「楽焼」で,千利休の好みにより赤茶碗,黒茶碗などを焼いた。長次郎の没年については,元禄1(1688)年の『宗入文書』「楽焼系図」,「覚」に「辰の年まで百年ニ成」とあるところから,天正17(1589)年ごろと考えられる。同文書によれば長次郎は「あめや」「比丘尼」の子とされ,「あめや」は「元祖飴也」ともあり,その出身は朝鮮,中国の両説があるが,楽常慶,道入とも親交のあった本阿弥光悦の言行を記した『本阿弥行状記』に「楽焼の事,飴屋長次郎が親は中華の人なり」とあり,また楽焼の釉法が中国南部の交趾焼に共通するところから,中国人の可能性が高い。『宗入文書』には,楽2代とされてきた常慶が,長次郎の舅とされる宗味と共に田中宗慶の子とされ,それぞれの年齢などから2代長次郎の存在の可能性も指摘されている。長次郎の作としては,「天正二春長次良依命造之」と彫られた獅子瓦があり,その技法が赤楽と共通するところから,天正2年には赤楽の技法が確立していたと考えられる。茶碗については『松屋会記』天正14年10月13日条に「宗易形ノ茶ワン」がみえ,これが千利休の指導による楽茶碗と考えられており,また『天王寺屋会記』の天正7年「赤色之茶碗」,天正8年「ハタノソリタル茶碗」が山上宗二,千利休の茶会にみえており,これらを初期の楽茶碗とする説もある。天正14年以降の茶会記には「今焼茶碗」がしばしば登場するが,これらは,長次郎や宗慶,宗味,常慶など複数の陶工によって運営されていた窯の作と考えられている。「長次郎」の代表作としては千利休が所持,あるいは選んだと伝えられる「長次郎七種」と呼ばれる茶碗があるが内,外の別があり,内は「大黒」「東陽坊」「臨済」「木守」「鉢開」「早舟」「検校」,外は「雁取」「閑居」「太郎坊」「横雲」「小黒」「一文字」「聖」がある。<参考文献>林屋晴三「長次郎」(『日本陶磁全集』20巻)

(伊藤嘉章)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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