A disease caused by a deficiency of nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is produced from tryptophan in the body, so it can also be caused by a deficiency of tryptophan. The main symptoms are diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. It occurs in people who eat corn as their staple food, and many cases occurred in the southern United States. Since then, it has become rare due to improvements in diet, but it is still occurring in Egypt, India, South America, and other places. At first, symptoms include loss of appetite, weakness, diarrhea, constipation, and a burning sensation in the mouth, followed by redness, itching, blisters, and glossitis, and the tongue becomes crimson and smooth. Other neurological symptoms include dizziness, headache, hallucinations, memory loss, abnormal perception, and tremors. Deficiencies of vitamins B1 , B2 , and B12 are often present. Shibi-Gachaki disease, an endemic disease that has long been seen in the Tsugaru region of Aomori Prefecture and that was feared because it caused mental disorders as it progressed, is believed to be a combination of nicotinamide and vitamin B2 deficiencies. [Takahashi Zenyata] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ニコチン酸アミドの欠乏によっておこる疾患。ニコチン酸アミドは体内でトリプトファンから生ずるので、トリプトファンの欠乏によってもおこる。下痢、皮膚炎、認知症を主徴とする。トウモロコシを主食とする人たちにおこり、アメリカの南部で多数発生した。その後、食事内容の改善により、いまではまれになったが、エジプト、インド、南アメリカなどでは、なお発生をみている。初めは食欲不振、衰弱、下痢、便秘、口腔(こうくう)の灼熱(しゃくねつ)感などがあり、ついで皮膚の日焼けのような潮紅、かゆみ、水疱(すいほう)などが生じ、舌炎もみられ、舌が真紅色、平滑となる。めまい、頭痛、幻覚、記憶力低下、異常知覚、振戦(ふるえ)などの神経症状もみられる。しばしばビタミンB1、B2、B12などの欠乏が合併する。 なお、青森県津軽地方に古くからみられた風土病で、進行すると精神障害をおこすところから恐れられたシビ‐ガッチャキ病は、ニコチン酸アミドとビタミンB2の欠乏が合併したものとされる。 [高橋善弥太] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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