A building over 100m tall. In 1963, the Building Standards Act was revised to abolish the 1919 limit of 31m for buildings in certain areas, making it possible to build in Japan. The size of the building is limited by the ratio of total floor area to the lot area, and fire prevention and fire prevention measures such as the use of non-combustible materials, installation of smoke detectors and sprinklers, and preparation of fire prevention water are all taken. In addition, methods have been developed to design flexible structures (flexible structures) that disperse and absorb external forces against wind and earthquakes. In the United States, the Woolworth Building (57 floors, 240m) was built in New York in 1913, and the Empire State Building (102 floors, 381m) was completed in 1931. For a long time, it was the tallest building in the world, but there are now many buildings in the United States that are over 400m tall. The Pyramid of Gizeh is 147m tall, and Tokyo Tower is 333m tall. The first skyscraper in Japan was the Kasumigaseki Building (Tokyo, 36 floors, 147m), completed in 1968, followed by the Keio Plaza Hotel (Shinjuku, Tokyo, 47 floors, 169m) in 1971. Since then, skyscrapers over 50 floors have sprung up in the Shinjuku subcenter, and the Sunshine 60 (60 floors, 240m) was also built in Ikebukuro, Tokyo. In the 1980s, large-scale developments using skyscrapers have been further promoted, mainly in large cities, as a means of restructuring overcrowded cities. In the 1990s, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building (48 floors, 243m) and Yokohama Landmark Tower (70 floors, 296m) were completed. In residential construction, construction of skyscrapers (30-40 floors) by private entities, public corporations, and public corporations is also active. → Related topics Curtain walls | Earthquake-resistant structures Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
高さ100m以上の建築物。1963年に建築基準法が改正され,1919年に規定された建築物の高さ31m以下という制限を特定の地区について廃止したため,日本でも建設が可能となった。建物の規模は敷地面積に対する延床面積の比率について制限され,不燃材料の使用,煙感知器・スプリンクラーの取付け,防火用水の用意など防火・火災対策も万全が期される。また風力や地震に対しては外力を分散して吸収する柔軟な構造体(柔構造)を設計する方法が開発されている。アメリカでは1913年にニューヨークにウールワース・ビル(57階,240m)が建てられ,1931年にはエンパイア・ステート・ビル(102階,381m)が完成,長く世界一を誇っていたが,現在アメリカには400mを超えるビルがいくつもある。なおギゼーのピラミッドは147m,東京タワーは333mである。日本ではじめての超高層建築物は,1968年に完成した霞が関ビル(東京,36階,147m)で,1971年には京王プラザホテル(東京・新宿,47階,169m)が建設され,以後新宿副都心には50階以上の超高層ビルが林立,同じく東京の池袋にもサンシャイン60(60階,240m)ができた。1980年代に入って,過密化した都市の再構成の手段として超高層建築による巨大開発が大都市を中心にさらに進められている。1990年代に入り東京都庁舎(48階,243m)や横浜ランドマークタワー(70階,296m)も完成した。住宅建築においても,民間,公社,公団などによる超高層住宅(30〜40階)の建設が活発である。 →関連項目カーテンウォール|耐震構造 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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