In the narrow sense, it refers to lattice defects created by the irradiation of a crystalline solid, but in engineering terms it broadly refers to various effects, especially undesirable effects, caused in materials by irradiation. It is also called radiation damage. In this article, we take a broader stance and focus on the changes that occur during the use of materials that make up nuclear reactors currently in practical use. The effects of particle beams on crystalline metals can be broadly divided into three types. The first is electronic excitation and ionization, which are mostly converted into heat and cause no lasting changes. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
狭義には,結晶固体に放射線の照射によりつくられた格子欠陥のことをさすが,工学的には広く照射により材料にひき起こされた種々の効果,とくに好ましくない効果をさす。照射損傷ともいう。本項では広義の立場をとり,現在実用化されている原子炉の構成材料の使用中に生じる変化を中心に述べる。結晶体である金属に対する粒子線の影響は大別して三つある。一つは電子的励起やイオン化であり,これはほとんど熱に変わり,後に残る変化を与えない。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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