Agency - Cho

Japanese: 庁 - ちょう

Based on the Cabinet Office Establishment Act and the National Government Organization Act, these are national administrative agencies established as external bureaus of the Cabinet Office and ministries. In general, while committees are external bureaus with a deliberative system, agencies are external bureaus with an individual appointment system. Examples of agencies include the Financial Services Agency, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Public Security Intelligence Agency, National Tax Agency, Agency for Cultural Affairs, Forestry Agency, Fisheries Agency, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Patent Agency, Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, Japan Tourism Agency, Japan Meteorological Agency, and Japan Coast Guard. The head of an agency is the Commissioner General, and in addition to secretariats and departments as internal bureaus, agencies may have councils, facilities, special agencies, and local branch bureaus as auxiliary agencies. Note that the National Police Agency and the Imperial Household Agency are not "agencies" as external bureaus as defined by the Cabinet Office Establishment Act and the National Government Organization Act. The National Police Agency is a special agency of the National Public Safety Commission (→ Public Safety Commission), which is an external bureau of the Cabinet Office, and the Imperial Household Agency is an agency of the Cabinet Office under the control of the Prime Minister.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

内閣府設置法，国家行政組織法に基づき，内閣府，省の外局として置かれる国の行政機関。一般に委員会が合議制の外局であるのに対し，庁は独任制の外局である。金融庁，消防庁，公安調査庁，国税庁，文化庁，林野庁，水産庁，資源エネルギー庁，特許庁，中小企業庁，観光庁，気象庁，海上保安庁などがある。庁の長は長官とし，内部部局として官房および部などのほか，付属機関として審議会および施設等機関，特別の機関，地方支分部局を置くことができる。なお，警察庁，宮内庁は内閣府設置法，国家行政組織法に定める外局としての「庁」ではなく，警察庁は内閣府の外局にあたる国家公安委員会（→公安委員会）の特別の機関に，宮内庁は内閣総理大臣の管理に属する内閣府の機関にそれぞれ位置づけられている。

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