A basin that occupies the northern part of the central lowland of the Kinki region. Almost the entire area belongs to Shiga Prefecture. In the center is Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake. It is an extension of the Seto Inland Sea depression that formed at the end of the Tertiary period of the Cenozoic era, and is a rift basin like the Kyoto Basin and Nara Basin. It is therefore surrounded by landslide mountains such as the Hira Mountains and the Suzuka Mountains. These landslide mountains are generally made of the Chichibu Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata, but there are no Mesozoic ones, and they are made of sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks from the Tertiary and Quaternary periods of the Cenozoic era. The northern Ibuki and Suzuka mountain ranges are dominated by limestone and dolomite, and karst topography can be seen. The Hira, Hiei, and Shigaraki mountain ranges to the west and south of the lake have exposed granite and many badlands. The western side is a steep cliff, and the mountain ranges on the east and west are asymmetrical. At the foot of these mountains, the diluvial layer of the Kobiwa Lake Group has accumulated to form hills, and in front of them, alluvial fans, alluvial plains, deltas, etc. formed by rivers spread out toward the lake shore. [Seiichi Takahashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
近畿地方の中央低地帯北部を占める盆地。ほぼ全域が滋賀県に属する。中央部には日本最大の琵琶湖(びわこ)がある。新生代第三紀末に生じた瀬戸内陥没地帯の延長部にあたり、京都盆地や奈良盆地と同じ地溝性の盆地である。したがって比良(ひら)山地や鈴鹿(すずか)山地などの地塁性の山地によって囲まれている。これらの地塁山地は一般に秩父中・古生層からなっているが、中生代のものはなく、新生代第三紀、第四紀の堆積岩(たいせきがん)や変成岩からなる。伊吹(いぶき)、鈴鹿両山系北部は石灰岩や白雲岩が卓越しカルスト地形がみられる。湖西、湖南の比良、比叡(ひえい)、信楽(しがらき)山地は花崗岩(かこうがん)が露出し、バッドランドが多い。また西側は急崖(きゅうがい)で、東西の山地は非対称的。これらの山麓(さんろく)には洪積層の古琵琶湖層群が堆積して丘陵を形成し、さらにその前面には河川によって形成された扇状地、沖積平野、三角州などが湖岸に向かって広がっている。 [高橋誠一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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