Emergence - Uka

Japanese: 羽化 - うか
Emergence - Uka

This refers to the process by which insects grow from a pupa or larva to an adult. For example, silkworms pupate inside a cocoon and then molt to become moths (adults), and dragonfly larvae (nymphs) become adults. Emerging is caused by the influence of hormones in the prothoracic gland, but with the exception of wingless insects (such as silverfish and springtails), they do not molt after eclosion. When eclosing, they take in air, narrow their abdomen, collect body fluids in their thorax, and apply pressure to their integument. This causes the integument in the center of the thorax and back to split vertically, and the adult emerges from here, but butterflies and flies already have a dehiscence line on the puparium. Immediately after molting, the pressure of the body fluids causes the wings of the adult to rapidly extend, which then change color and harden together with the body integument. Among larvae that spin cocoons and then pupate, some use the protrusions on their heads or mandibles to break the cocoon and escape (such as some beetles), while others use a liquid to soften the cocoon and escape (such as silkworms).

[Takehiko Nakane]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

昆虫類が成育して蛹(さなぎ)や幼虫から、成虫になることをいう。たとえば、カイコなどが繭の中で蛹になったのち脱皮してガ(成虫)になることや、トンボの幼虫(ヤゴ)が成虫になることである。羽化は前胸腺(ぜんきょうせん)ホルモンの影響でおこるが、無翅(むし)類(シミ類、トビムシ類など)を除いて羽化後は脱皮をしない。羽化するときは、空気を吸い込み、腹部を細めて体液を胸部に集め、外皮に圧力をかける。すると胸背部中央の外皮が縦に裂け、成虫はここから脱出するが、チョウ類やハエ類などではあらかじめ裂開線が蛹皮(ようひ)にある。脱皮直後の成虫は、体液の圧力ではねが急速に伸張し、色づいて体皮とともに硬化する。幼虫が繭をつくって蛹になるものでは、頭の突起や大あごで繭を破って脱出するもの(甲虫類の一部など)、液で繭を軟化させてそこから脱出するもの(カイコなど)がある。

[中根猛彦]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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