... Historically, the term "common benefit" was used in Article 3 of the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), the first modern constitution, "general welfare" in the Preamble to the United States Constitution (1787), "bonheur de tous" in the Preamble to the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), and "bonheur commun" in the Declaration of the Rights of Man attached to the Constitution of 1793. In Germany, the Weimar Constitution (1919), the first social state constitution, used the term "öffentliche Wohlfahrt," but in reflection of the Nazi era's use of "Gemeinnutz," which took precedence over private interests, as a symbol of totalitarianism, the Bonn Basic Law (1949) made an effort to avoid using general, indefinite concepts when setting limits on human rights. However, in modern nations that have the characteristics of a social and proactive welfare state, the term public welfare is often used as a guiding principle in national politics or the protection of human rights. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "öffentliche Wohlfahrt" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 歴史上重要な憲法的文書に現れたものとしては,近代憲法の最初のものとされるバージニア権利章典3条(1776)に〈共同の利益common benefit〉,アメリカ合衆国憲法前文(1787)に〈一般の福祉general welfare〉,フランスの1789年人権宣言前文に〈全体の幸福bonheur de tous〉,1793年憲法に付された人権宣言に〈共同の幸福bonheur commun〉などの語が用いられている。ドイツでは,初の社会国家憲法であるワイマール憲法(1919)に〈公共の福利öffentliche Wohlfahrt〉が用いられたが,ナチス時代に私益に優先する〈公益Gemeinnutz〉が全体主義のシンボルとして用いられたことに対する反省から,ボン基本法(1949)では,人権に限界をおく場合に一般的不確定概念を用いないようにする努力がはらわれている。しかし,公共の福祉という語は,社会国家・積極国家としての福祉国家という性格を持つ現代の国家においては,国政ないし人権保障の指導理念として,しばしば用いられている。… ※「öffentliche Wohlfahrt」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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