Date of birth and death unknown. Founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India (reigned 317-296 BC). It is said that he was of low class, but this is not known for certain. He overthrew the Nanda Empire of Magadha and took over the unification of northern India, which had been progressing for two centuries. He also wiped out the Greek forces left by Alexander the Great from the northwestern Indian borderlands. When the Seleucid Nicator (Seleucus I) advanced eastward around 305 BC, he made a peace agreement with him and took over the southern half of Afghanistan as his territory. Thus, he built the first unified empire in India with an unprecedented territory. This empire is described in the travelogue of Megasthenes, an envoy of the Seleucid Empire, and in the Arthashastra (Treatise on Practical Benefits), which is said to have been written by Chandragupta's chief minister Kautilya. He was an autocratic monarch whose empire was supported by a large standing army and a well-organized bureaucracy. The fertile Ganges basin was irrigated by rivers, and its developed agricultural production was the economic base of the empire. He also controlled the commerce and industry of the cities and supervised their trade. [Toshio Yamazaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生没年不詳。古代インドのマウリヤ朝の建設者(在位前317~前296ころ)。卑賤(ひせん)な階級の出身といわれているが、確かなことはわかっていない。マガダ国のナンダ朝を倒し、それにかわって、2世紀にわたり進展してきたマガダ国の北インド統一支配の事業を遂行し、さらにアレクサンドロス大王が残したギリシア人勢力を西北インド辺境地方から一掃した。紀元前305年ごろセレウコス朝ニーカトール(セレウコス1世)が東進すると、これと和議を結んで、アフガニスタン南半をも領土とした。かくして彼は空前の大領域をもつインド最初の統一帝国を建設した。この帝国については、セレウコス朝の使節メガステネスの旅行記と、チャンドラグプタの宰相カウティリヤの著作といわれる『アルタ・シャーストラ』(実利論)とに描かれている。それによれば、彼は専制的な君主であって、帝国の支柱は巨大な常備軍と機構の整備した官僚とであった。豊饒(ほうじょう)なガンジス流域は河川によって灌漑(かんがい)され、その発展した農業生産は帝国の経済的基盤となった。また、都市の商工業を管理下に置き、その交易を監督した。 [山崎利男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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