Tibet Autonomous Region - Tibet (English spelling)

Japanese: チベット自治区 - チベット（英語表記）Tibet

Its Chinese name is Xitsang (Xizang). Its abbreviation is Tsang (Zang). It is a first-level administrative region in southwest China. It is divided into six districts, one city, and 70 counties, with the administrative center being the special city of Lhasa (羅沙), and consists of one city and 70 counties. The Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region was established in 1956, and after the dissolution of the Tibetan government in 1959, the autonomous region was established in 1965. It occupies the majority of the Tibetan Plateau, with an average elevation of 4,000 m. The southern part is the Himalayas, with steep peaks such as Mount Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) and Mount Shishapangma (Mt. Gosainthang). The plateau is made up of many mountain ranges running east to west, but the relative height is small, the slope is gentle, and basins spread between the mountains, with salt lakes scattered throughout. Even in the mountains, snow and ice cover the area for about half the year, and the diurnal temperature range is large. Generally, the average temperature is below 10°C even in July, and the annual precipitation is only 200mm. However, the long hours of sunshine and abundant meltwater from snow make the grasslands widespread in summer. Sheep, goats, yaks, and cattle are widely raised. Yaks also play an important role in transporting goods. The Yarlung River and its tributaries, which flow east along the northern foot of the Himalayas, are at an altitude of less than 4000m. The average temperature in July reaches 16°C, and the annual precipitation is 200mm in the west and 2000mm in the east. The main agricultural areas of the autonomous region include the cities of Lhasa, Shigatse, and Gyantse. The traditional crops are naked barley called qingkuo and radish called yuangken, but wheat, buckwheat, peas, broad beans, rapeseed, hemp, and sugar beet have also been introduced. In the eastern part of the country, spruce and fir trees grow abundantly on the mountainside, while rice and fruit trees are cultivated in the valleys. Improvement and expansion of agricultural land has been promoted in various areas, and irrigated areas account for 80% of the cultivated land. Underground resources include coal mines in Marzala and Misar, as well as iron, salt, and natural soda. Hydroelectric power plants have been built in various parts of the Yarlung River basin. Industries include paper, sugar, woolen textiles, matches, leather, and soap. Cordyceps sinensis, fritillaria, and musk are local specialties of Lhasa. Expressways extend from neighboring provinces, and there is a regular air route to Lhasa. 90% of the population is Tibetan, with the rest being Han, Mun, Lo, and Hui. Area: 1,221,600 ^km2 . Population: 2,196,010 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

漢語名はシーツァン (西蔵) 。略称はツァン (蔵) 。中国南西部の1級行政区。行政中心地であるラサ (拉薩) 特別市と6つの地区に分れ，1市，70県から成る。 1956年チベット自治区準備委員会が設けられ，59年チベット政府の解散を経て，65年自治区が成立した。平均標高 4000mのチベット高原の主要部を占める。南部はヒマラヤ山脈で，チョモランマ (珠穆朗馬) 山 (エベレスト) ，シシャパンマ (希夏邦馬) 峰 (ゴサインタン) などの峻険な峰が連なる。高原は東西方向の多くの山脈から成るが，比高が小さく，傾斜はなだらかで，山間には盆地が広がり，塩湖が散在する。山間でも1年の約半分は雪と氷に閉ざされ，気温の日較差が大きい。一般に平均気温は7月でも 10℃以下で，年降水量は 200mmにすぎない。しかし日照時間が長く，雪どけ水が豊富であるため，夏季には草原が広がる。ヒツジ，ヤギ，ヤク，ウシの飼育が多い。ヤクは物資の運搬にも重要な役割を果す。ヒマラヤ山脈の北麓を東流するヤルン川と支流の谷は標高 4000m以下で，7月の平均気温は 16℃に達し，年降水量は西部で 200mm，東部で 2000mmである。自治区の主要な農業地域で，ラサ市，シガツェ (日喀則) 市，ギャンツェ (江孜) 市などが立地している。チンクオと呼ばれるハダカムギと，ユワンケン (円根) と呼ばれるダイコンが伝統的作物であるが，コムギ，ソバ，エンドウ，ソラマメ，アブラナ，アサ，テンサイなども導入された。東部では山腹にトウヒ類，モミ類などが繁茂し，谷底では水稲と果樹などを栽培する。各地で農牧地の改良，拡大が進められ，灌漑面積は耕地の 80%に及んだ。地下資源はマルツァラ (馬査拉) ，ミサル (門士) などに炭鉱があるほか，鉄，塩，天然ソーダなどがある。ヤルン川流域では水力発電所も各地に建設された。製紙，製糖，毛紡織，マッチ，皮革，石鹸などの工業がある。冬虫夏草，バイモ，麝香などの漢方薬材を特産する。隣接する各省から自動車道が延び，ラサ市には定期空路も開かれている。住民はチベット族が 90%を占め，ほかに漢族，ムン族，ロ族，ホイ族など。面積 122万 1600km²。人口 219万 6010 (1990) 。

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